PubMed · 2487542
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L Opie. 1989. Trial alert.. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01869562
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AIM: To develop a sensitive and specific analytical method for the quantitative determination of omapatrilat (BMS-186716) and its metabolites (BMS-196087, 225308, 198433, and 253653) in human plasma. METHODS: Methyl acrylate (MA) was selected to react with BMS-186716, 196087, and 253653 to protect the free sulfhydryl groups. High pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to detect the analytes. RESULTS: The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.2-250 microg/L for BMS-186716, 0.5-250 microg/L for BMS-196087, 1-250 microg/L for BMS-225308, 2-250 microg/L for BMS-198433, and 10-2500 microg/L for BMS-253653. The limit of quantitation was in turn 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 10 microg/L, respectively. The extraction recovery was on average 60.5 %, 88.6 %, 76.3 %, 71.2 %, and 26.6 %, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision of quality control samples (QC) was all within 15 % and accuracy was within 85 %--115 %. The analytes in human plasma were found to be stable after three cycles of freeze-thaw and for at least 6 h at room temperature (25 oC). No significant change was found in reconstituted reagent after 24 h at room temperature and results of long-term stability showed all the analytes in human plasma were stable for at least 3 months at -30 oC freezing condition. CONCLUSION: This method is rapid, sensitive and specific for the pharmacokinetics study of omapatrilat and its metabolites.
[reaction: see text] The total synthesis of (+)-sparteine was accomplished from 2,5-norbornadione in 15 steps and 15.7% overall yield. The key steps were two ring-expansion reactions, one involving an intramolecular Schmidt reaction and one using a novel variant of the photo-Beckmann rearrangement.
The genetic polymorphisms that may affect individual responses to cardiovascular agents are reviewed, and the application of pharmacogenetics to cardiovascular disease management is discussed. Pharmacogenetics is the search for genetic polymorphisms that affect responses to drug therapy. Investigators have found many associations between genetic polymorphisms and responses to cardiovascular drugs. Some of these relationships have been demonstrated in large patient populations, such as patients with ischemic heart disease receiving statins. Study data consistently show a greater response to statins in ischemic heart disease patients with genotypes associated with worse prognoses. Studies of other polymorphisms, such as those in the genes encoding anglotensin-converting enzyme and beta 1-adrenergic receptors, have less consistently found relationships between these variations and cardiovascular drug responses. For gene-drug response associations for which the data are inconsistent, the interaction of multiple polymorphisms in multiple genes coding for proteins affected by drug therapy or influencing drug metabolism may prove to have a greater influence on drug responses than any one polymorphism. Once the polymorphisms that best determine the response to a particular drug are known and tests to rapidly identify these variations are available, individual patients may be screened for genetic polymorphisms before drug therapy is begun and the information used to choose agents with the greatest potential for efficacy and least potential for toxicity. Pharmacogenetics has many possible applications in the drug therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Much more must be learned, however, before pharmacogenetic factors can be routinely incorporated into therapeutic decisions.