PubMed · 2330321
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D Cole. Identifying the alcohol misuser.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2330321/
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This study investigates the informational based that supports intentional adaptation of locomotion to spatial environmental constraints. A virtual reality setup was used to present subjects with targets providing normal as well as abnormal optical expansion during locomotor pointing (i.e. positioning of a foot on a visible target on the floor during walking). The manipulation dissociated two variables providing temporal information about time-to-passage (TTP): TTP(beta alpha) which encompasses target expansion, and TTP(alpha) which is independent of target expansion. While a previous study showed TTP(alpha) to be sufficient, the present results reveal that TTP(beta alpha) may be used when it is available. This finding indicates that both variables play a role that varies according to the circumstances. Furthermore, the present results provide evidence of the operation of a security principle for action in conflicting situations.
PURPOSE: Prior rehabilitation outcome studies have had many weaknesses. but they gradually observe a lack of long-term benefits from inpatient care alone. The goal of this study was to measure the additive effect of outpatient, subacute rehabilitation (compared with usual outpatient primary medical care) for adults diagnosed with a disabling disorder in four major diagnostic groups (nervous, circulatory, musculoskeletal and injury). METHOD: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the effects of outpatient, subacute rehabilitative care on: (1) physical function; (2) health; (3) well being; (4) family function; and (5) social support. Patients hospitalized for the first time with a disabling condition (n = 180) were provided inpatient rehabilitation and then were randomly assigned to either outpatient, subacute rehabilitation at home (n = 90) or to usual outpatient follow-up (n = 90) in which only primary care medical services were provided. To compare the two groups, univariate analyses of covariance were conducted for the outcome variables. RESULTS: The major finding of this study was that of no significant effect of the intervention on any outcome variable. CONCLUSIONS: Based on current study results, we conclude that any long term additive benefit of outpatient, subacute rehabilitation may not be detectable across disability categories and may require closer evaluation in studies with a more homogeneous population than in the current study. Providing complex follow-up case management services to all clients is apparently not beneficial and might better be provided using selection criteria based on need. Future studies should determine if services are more effective when provided to those with the most unmet rehabilitative needs. Further outpatient, subacute care rehabilitation studies should address the specific needs of the patients and be adapted individually to those needs.
Traditionally, research on childhood mood disorders has focused on clinical trials and longitudinal course and outcome studies, rather than on prevention. Recently, however, advances in the design, methodology, and evaluation of prevention approaches and progress in understanding what factors predispose children to depression have made possible the development of theoretically driven, empirically justified approaches to the prevention of depression in youngsters who are at high risk, either because of elevated symptom levels or parental mood disorder. In this review, we outline recent empirical findings on risk factors for depression in nonreferred samples of youngsters and also in children of depressed parents. Additionally, we review three trials of preventive interventions for childhood depression that yield promising initial findings. We emphasize the need to understand both risks for depression and factors that protect youngsters at risk from succumbing to depression in guiding the development of prevention programs. We also argue that consideration of prevention of depression requires addressing broader social adversity influences that lead to poor mental health outcomes in children, even beyond the effects of parental mood disorder. We conclude with an emphasis on the importance of a developmental-transactional perspective that highlights opportunities for intervention at different points across the lifespan.