PubMed · 2196232
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V N Sehgal, S A Wagh. 1990. Cutaneous tuberculosis. Current concepts.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1990.tb02554.x
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UNLABELLED: Severe disseminated Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection is very rare and has been regarded as idiopathic when no immunodeficiency is present. This entity seems to be due to several new types of inherited abnormalities in the pathways important in defence against Mycobacteria. Although improvement with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been reported in some patients, to our knowledge there are no reports on the effect of other cytokines in the treatment of these patients. We report here the clinical response to IFN-gamma and granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) treatment in a patient with idiopathic disseminated BCG infection who failed to respond to multiple antimycobacterial agents. The patient showed partial and transitory response to IFN-gamma, however, GM-CSF treatment led to rapid improvement of skin lesions within 2 weeks without any effect on the progression of the disease in the other organ systems. CONCLUSION: The response of idiopathic disseminated Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin infection to granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor treatment was limited to cutaneous lesions. Granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor may have acted to promote wound healing or the levels of this factor achieved in other affected organs may have been inadequate.
Delineating the important molecular pathways in carcinogenesis has helped develop and advance the field of molecular diagnosis. Bladder cancer has served as an excellent model in translating some of the advances from the laboratory to clinical settings. Many investigators have examined the use of p53 to help manage patients with bladder cancer who are at high risk of tumor progression. This article reviews the clinical studies that have used p53 as a marker in bladder carcinoma and concludes by determining whether routine assessment of the p53 tumor suppressor gene/protein is indicated at this time.
This article reviews the literature on some of the available biomarkers such as p53 and its down-stream effector p21 on superficial bladder tumor biology and their prognostic significance. The role of p53 tumor suppressor gene is controversial in superficial bladder cancer, possibly because analyzing one single effector of a pathway might hide the role of downstream effectors. The aggressiveness of this condition is related to proliferative activity as measured by Ki-67. Further studies are still necessary to draw definitive conclusions about the role of these different biological markers in superficial bladder cancer.