PubMed · 1972529
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M A Williams, R R Monson, M B Goldman, R Mittendorf, K J Ryan. 1990-06-30. Coffee and delayed conception.. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)91440-l
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Tropical and sub-tropical higher plant species show marked growth inhibition when exposed to chilling temperatures. In root tip segments of coffee seedlings which were subjected for 6 days to temperatures of 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C, in darkness, we have detected an increased amount of malondialdehyde formed in the 10 degrees C treatment, accompanied by higher electrolyte leakage. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique and the fatty acid spin probes 5-, 12- and 16-doxylstearic acid were used to assess cellular membrane fluidity. At the depth of the 5th and 16th carbon atom of the alkyl chains the nitroxide radical detected more rigid membranes in seedlings subjected to 10 degrees C compared with 15 and 25 degrees C. At the C-12 position of the chains the probe showed very restricted motion and was insensitive to chilling induced membrane alterations. EPR parameters for intact tissues and microsome preparations from root tips showed that the fluidity was essentially the same when evaluated at C-5 and C-16 positions of the chains, and was considerably more fluid for microsomal membranes in the region of the C-12 position of the bilayers. The rotational motion of the nitroxide at C-16 position of the chains experienced a phase transition at about 15 degrees C. The calculated energy barriers for reorientational motion of the probe 16-doxylstearic acid were higher at temperatures of 5-15 degrees C than in the interval of 15-25 degrees C, suggesting that below the phase transition the membrane lipids assume a more ordered and compacted array. Membrane rigidity induced by chilling was interpreted as due to lipid peroxidation that could have been facilitated by higher density of peroxidizable chains below the membrane phase transition.
BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 10-15% of all couples have experienced an infertility problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of occupation on the time interval between when a couple starts unprotected intercourse and a clinically recognizable pregnancy time to pregnancy (TTP). METHODS: Data from 622 women who successfully delivered in the week preceding the interview were analysed using the Cox proportional hazards regression. Thirty independent variables were included in the full model. RESULTS: Eleven per cent of women had to wait more than one year before conceiving (mean TTP = 6.7 months). The regression analysis showed that the most important determinants of TTP are the age of the woman (rate ratio = 0.44 for age 35+) and her parity (rate ratio = 1.39). TTP also increased significantly with maternal smoking (rate ratio = 0.77), and decreased with coital frequency (rate ratio = 1.24 for > or = 6 per month) and consumption of coffee (rate ratio = 1.29). None of the female occupational exposures has been found to have an independent statistically significant effect, while male occupation in industry and exposure to welding fumes were associated with an increase of TTP (rate ratio = 0.73 and 0.78, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Female occupational exposures seem to have only a small effect on TTP compared with biological and lifestyle factors. The present data also suggest that work-related factors may have a bigger influence on male fecundity.
Autointoxication is an ancient theory based on the belief that intestinal waste products can poison the body and are a major contributor to many, if not all, diseases. In the 19th century, it was the ruling doctrine of medicine and led "colonic quackery" in various guises. By the turn of the century, it had received some apparent backing from science. When it became clear that the scientific rationale was wrong and colonic irrigation was not merely useless but potentially dangerous, it was exposed as quackery and subsequently went into a decline. Today we are witnessing a resurgence of colonic irrigation based on little less than the old bogus claims and the impressive power of vested interests. Even today's experts on colonic irrigation can only provide theories and anecdotes in its support. It seems, therefore, that ignorance is celebrating a triumph over science.