PubMed · 1921377
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J P Spiers, M A Croce, T C Fabian. 1991. Traumatic hemipelvectomy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1921377/
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Hypoglycemia may reach forensic relevance concerning the psychophysical ability of running a car and with respect to a possible imputability. Our retrospective study included anamnesis and clinical symptoms observed in drivers with impaired performance to point out correlations between biochemical parameters and the actual course of the disease and its sequelae on roadworthiness. Clinical-biochemical estimations were performed on glucose, lactic acid and ethanol including a toxicological screening. It is proposed to utilize the estimation of glucose and lactic acid (the so-called combined value) in blood samples taken on behalf of the police as an important hint to the actual state of glucose metabolism. The anamnesis and the symptomatology may complete the biochemical analyses.
Given a pool of motorists, how do we estimate the total intensity of those who had a prespecified number of traffic accidents in the past year? We previously have proposed the u,v method as a solution to estimation problems of this type. In this paper, we prove that the u, v method provides asymptotically efficient estimators in an important special case.
CONTEXT: High-risk alcohol consumption patterns, such as binge drinking and drinking before driving, and underage drinking may be linked to traffic crashes and violent assaults in community settings. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of community-based environmental interventions in reducing the rate of high-risk drinking and alcohol-related motor vehicle injuries and assaults. DESIGN AND SETTING: A longitudinal multiple time series of 3 matched intervention communities (northern California, southern California, and South Carolina) conducted from April 1992 to December 1996. Outcomes were assessed by 120 general population telephone surveys per month of randomly selected individuals in the intervention and comparison sites, traffic data on motor vehicle crashes, and emergency department surveys in 1 intervention-comparison pair and 1 additional intervention site. INTERVENTIONS: Mobilize the community; encourage responsible beverage service; reduce underage drinking by limiting access to alcohol; increase local enforcement of drinking and driving laws; and limit access to alcohol by using zoning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported alcohol consumption and driving after drinking; rates of alcohol-related crashes and assault injuries observed in emergency departments and admitted to hospitals. RESULTS: Population surveys revealed that the self-reported amount of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion declined 6% from 1.37 to 1. 29 drinks. Self-reported rate of "having had too much to drink" declined 49% from 0.43 to 0.22 times per 6-month period. Self-reported driving when "over the legal limit" was 51% lower (0. 77 vs 0.38 times) per 6-month period in the intervention communities relative to the comparison communities. Traffic data revealed that, in the intervention vs comparison communities, nighttime injury crashes declined by 10% and crashes in which the driver had been drinking declined by 6%. Assault injuries observed in emergency departments declined by 43% in the intervention communities vs the comparison communities, and all hospitalized assault injuries declined by 2%. CONCLUSION: A coordinated, comprehensive, community-based intervention can reduce high-risk alcohol consumption and alcohol-related injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes and assaults. JAMA. 2000;284:2341-2347.