PubMed · 1825322
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L Hunt. 1991. Dry eye.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1825322/
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BACKGROUND: In corneal lubrication or eyelid closure disorders it may be necessary to apply a monoculus to protect the eye from drying out. Changing the monoculus involves dermal irritation. Furthermore, because the monoculus is not completely airtight, the desired humidity is not achieved. INSTRUMENT: We introduce a tape-free permanent humidity chamber fastened to a spectacle frame that achieves a relative humidity of more than 98% even over a long period of time. PATIENTS/TESTED PERSONS: Five test persons and two patients with lagophthalmus were treated with a monoculus and with the permanent humidity chamber. Comparative measurements of the humidity achieved with the two methods were done. RESULTS: For both test persons and lagophthalmus patients the permanent humidity chamber is a good alternative to the monoculus, because it maintains a humidity of more than 98% r/H over a period of eight hours or longer. It consequently provides much better conditions for successful treatment and additionally minimizes skin irritation.
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OBJECTIVE: To develop an efficient way to evaluate tear dynamics clinically. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred fifty-two patients with dry eye, 64 of whom had Sjögren syndrome, and 55 normal subjects. DESIGN: Because various forces that affect tear drainage are reflected in the values of the Schirmer test with anesthesia and the tear clearance rate, we introduced a new measure of tear dynamics, the tear function index, which is the value obtained from dividing the value of the Schirmer test with anesthesia by the tear clearance rate. RESULTS: The tear function index was more specific (91.8%) and sensitive (78.9%) in diagnosing dry eye associated with Sjögren syndrome than was the Schirmer or tear clearance rate test alone. Tear function indexes below 96 were consistent with dry eye and those below 34 were seen primarily in patients with Sjögren syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: The tear function index offers a new method to evaluate tear production with the Schirmer test, introduces an extended way to measure tear flow combining with tear drainage, and gives a practical measure to diagnose dry eye.