PubMed · 16733928
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Kerstin Baumgarten. 2006. [Lukas].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16733928/
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With advances in surgical procedures, neuropsychological assessment after congenital heart defects and pre, peri- and/or postoperative predictors of adverse outcome has become an important focus in research. We aim to summarize neuropsychological sequelae associated with different types of congenital heart defects, critically review the methodology used in more than 20 empirical studies that were retrieved from biomedical electronic search engines, and identify possible directions for future research. Despite the lack of adequate control groups and long-term studies, there seem to be some cognitive deficits. The largest group of children with isolated congenital heart defects present with normal intellectual capacities. However, they tend to show language deficits and motor dysfunction. Although performances on memory tasks are good, unambiguous conclusions concerning their attentional and executive functioning are still lacking. Serious behavioral problems are not an issue. In addition to a detailed description of the (neuro) psychological consequences of pediatric cardiac surgery, an overview of the predictors of the cognitive defects is provided.
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This review examines the available literature on neuropsychological outcomes of stroke and the literature on the ability of specific areas of neuropsychological deficit to predict functional stroke outcome. The literature reviewed indicates that post-stroke deficits in executive function, memory, language, and speed of processing are common, with those identified as having progressive 'post-stroke dementia' presenting with a similar, though more impaired profile, with increased impairments particularly noted in the area of memory. It is clear that some aspects of neuropsychological functioning (e.g., presence of neglect, aphasia, anosognosia; and verbal memory and attention deficits) show promise as a means of predicting post-stroke functional outcomes. Examining the available literature, it becomes evident that there is a need for long-term, large scale (i.e., population based) follow-up studies, evaluating likely long-term neuropsychological outcomes of stroke and their prognostic utility.