PubMed · 16625480
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F Husain-Syed, H-G Velcovsky. 2006-04-21. [BCGitis].. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-939861
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If fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is related to an abnormal activation of the sensorimotor brain network, the activity of such a network should vary with varying fatigue. We studied 22 patients treated with interferon beta 1a (IFNbeta-1a; Avonex, Biogen, Cambridge, MA) with no fatigue (10) and with reversible fatigue (12). fMRI examinations were performed: 1) the same day of IFNbeta-1a injection (no fatigue; entry), 2) the day after IFNbeta-1a injection (fatigue; time 1), and 3) 4 days after IFNbeta-1a injection (no fatigue; time 2). Patients performed a simple motor task with the right, clinically unaffected hand. At time 1, compared with entry and time 2, MS patients with reversible fatigue showed an increased activation of the thalamus bilaterally. In MS patients without fatigue thalamus was more activated at entry than at time 1. In both groups at entry the primary SMC and the SMA were more activated than at times 1 and 2. At entry and time 1, when compared to patients with reversible fatigue, those without showed increased activations of the SII. Conversely, patients with reversible fatigue had increased activations of the thalamus and of several regions of the frontal lobes. An abnormal recruitment of the fronto-thalamic circuitry is associated with IFNbeta-1a-induced fatigue in MS patients.
A 6 year old girl presented with flat-topped, skin-colored, partly grouped papules with slightly roughened surface on the left side of the forehead and around the left orbit. In an off-label use imiquimod 5% cream was applied twice a week before bedtime and was rinsed off in the morning. After four weeks of treatment the lesions had vanished completely. We suggest imiquimod 5% cream as a treatment option for juvenile plane warts even in children and in the face.
The present study was undertaken to explore the immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic and water extracts of Capparis zeylanica Linn. (family: Capparidaceae) leaves on neutrophil adhesion test, humoral response to sheep red blood cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Pre-treatment of water extract (300 mg/kg, oral) of Capparis zeylanica evoked a significant increase in neutrophil adhesion to nylon fibres. The augmentation of humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells by ethanolic and water extracts (150-300 mg/kg) is evidenced by increase in antibody titres in mice. A dose-related increase in both primary and secondary antibody titre was observed. Oral administration of ethanolic and water extracts of Capparis zeylanica leaves, at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg in mice, dose dependently potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Immunomodulatory activity was also assessed by serological and haematological tests. Capparis zeylanica extracts prevented myelosuppression in mice treated with cyclophosphamide drug. The study comprised the acute toxicity and preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol and water extracts.