PubMed · 16532540
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
New warning on birth control patch.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16532540/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Dysmenorrhea is painful menstrual cramps, which negatively impacts the quality of life of those diagnosed. The paper reviews traditional Chinese medicine's treatment of dysmenorrhea through the use of combination-herbal-formula therapeutics. These herbal treatments are effective for dysmenorrhea with minimal side effects. Pharmacological studies suggest Chinese herbal dysmenorrhea therapies likely decrease prostaglandin levels, modulate nitric oxide, increase plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) levels, block calcium-channels and improve microcirculation. Conventional therapy for dysmenorrhea, which usually includes non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), provides symptomatic relief but has increasing adverse effects with long-term use. Therefore, Chinese herbal medicines, including simple herbal and combination formulas, are perhaps the ideal therapeutics of choice.
Actions and interactions between heavy metals (HM)-cadmium, zinc, lead, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-phenanthrene, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene toward soil urease activity were studied after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of exposure under controlled conditions. The experimental approach was based on the uniform design. Ten different contamination conditions were studied simultaneously, with 10 concentration levels for each pollutant. Data treatment was essentially based on the multiple regression technique. The results showed that Zn interacted more easily with PAHs than Pb or Cd. On the first 7 days of incubation, zinc alone reduced the urease activity more significantly than any other pollutants and no significant interactions between PAH and HM were observed. From 14 to 21 days of incubation, the interaction between Zn and benzo(a)pyrene decreased the soil urease activity. At 14 days, the interaction between Zn and phenanthrene was antagonistic (less than additive), while at 21 days it was synergistic (more than additive). At 28 days, the interaction between phenanthrene and fluoranthene was synergistic. This study indicated that the combined effect of PAH and HM on soil urease activity depends largely on the incubation time. Uniform design appears to be a good method for investigating the combined effect of PAH and HM.