PubMed · 16421983
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
Warning on fentanyl patch.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16421983/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
PURPOSE: In clinical practice heparin has to be administered by injection with obvious disadvantages; thus, transdermal delivery by electrically assisted methods have been studied. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of a Food and Drug Administration-approved pulsed current iontophoresis system in delivering heparin through living rat skin. METHODS: Fluorescent and radioactive heparin as well as a commercial heparin preparation were delivered through rat skin via a pulsed current iontophoresis system. RESULTS: Pulsed current iontophoresis allowed fluorescent heparin to cross the stratum corneum localizing in epidermis and dermis. Unfractionated, high-, and low molecular weight fraction pools, obtained by fractionating [35S]-unfractionated heparin on a molecular weight sieve, were then separately tested. Pulsed current iontophoresis elicited the transdermal delivery of low molecular weight heparin, but not that of high molecular weight heparin. Finally, pulsed current iontophoresis of an unfractionated pharmaceutical heparin preparation significantly decreased plasmatic factor Xa activity. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that this technique could be used to administer low molecular weight heparin in a cost-efficient and safe manner without the need for syringes and needles.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of poly(ethylene glycol)-alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) complexes on stabilization and cutaneous permeation of ascorbic acid from specially prepared transdermal patches. Poly(ethylene glycol) citrate (6-armPEG) and its inclusion complex with alpha-CD were prepared and used for preparation of the transdermal patches. Duro-Tak 87-2979 was taken as an adhesive matrix in combination with ascorbic acid. A diffusion cell with an artificial membrane was used to evaluate the absorption of ascorbic acid from the patches. The influence of drug release of alpha-CD and two types of its PEG complexes (as the novel permeation enhancers) was tested. The 6-armPEG-alpha-CD complex consisting of a PEG-citric acid ester at a concentration of 0.08-0.1% (w/v) is a suitable stabilizer for ascorbic acid during UV assay. The release studies showed that the type of enhancer is important in diffusion of the drug across membrane. Furthermore, the diffusion of ascorbic acid was considerably enhanced in the presence of 6-armPEG-alpha-CD complex. Inclusion complexes of 6-armPEG with alpha-CD at a concentration of 0.08-0.1% (w/v) is a suitable stabilizer for UV method of assay. The present data suggest that 6-armPEG-alpha-CD complex is also useful in enhancing the release of ascorbic acid from the acrylic type pressure sensitive adhesives.
The relationship between CYP2A6 genotype and smoking status remains unclear although several studies have been reported. In this study, we have investigated the significance of CYP2A6 genotype on smoking habit and treatment of nicotine patch. Sixty-one smokers (1.7%) working in a Japanese company (n = 3585) participated in this smoking cessation program. Forty-four of 61 (72.1%) smokers were treated by nicotine patch. A genotyping analysis was carried out for 41 (40 men and 1 women) of 61 participants (67.2%). The smoking cessation rate at 90 days was 54.1% (33/61). Age and smoking years in re-smoking group are significantly lower than those in smoking cessation group. The smoking cessation rate of participants treated with nicotine patch (63.6%; 28/44) was significantly higher than that of the group non-treated with nicotine patch (29.4%; 5/17) at 90 days (p < 0.05). The incidence of homozygotes of CYP2A6 gene deletion (CYP2A619934/19934) in 41 cases (9.8%; 4/41) could be higher than that in 894 healthy controls (3.7%; 33/894) (p = 0.12), while no other variant alleles (CYP2A619932, CYP2A619933 and CYP2A619936) were found. Age and smoking years of participants with CYP2A619934/19934 are significantly higher than those with CYP2A619931 positive. The scores of Fagerstrom test, an analysis for nicotine-dependence, were slightly different between participants with CYP2A619934/19934 and CYP2A619931 positive. Although treatment of nicotine patch is efficacious to smoking cessation, cases with CYP2A619934/19934 might be more sensitive to nicotine adverse effects and more difficult to quit smoking once they have smoking habit.