PubMed · 1630466
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D A Morgan. 1992. Infection control. Eusol--(E) useful or (e) useless?. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1630466/
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Controlled release formulation (CRF) of the insecticide acetamiprid was made using tapioca starch, urea and sodium borate. The data show the recovery of this CRF process is > 95.43%, there is no obvious difference with increase of sodium borate added, however, with the increase of urea in the mixture, the formulation has a decrease recovery. In stability test, the decomposition rate of acetamiprid CRF was less one tenth than that of the acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate (EC) under UV radiation. The release kinetics of acetamiprid from granules with variation content of urea, sodium borate and granule sizes were evaluated in water under laboratory condition. The release data were fitted to the generalized model Mt/Mz = kt(n), where Mt/Mz is the percentage of insecticide released at time t, k and n are constants, and n is constant that indicates the mechanism of release. The results indicated that the release of acetamiprid was diffusion-controlled. The time taken for 50% of the active ingredient to be released into water, T50, was also calculated for the comparison of formulations. The results showed that the formulation with the increasing urea in formulation had the higher value of T50, which means a slower release of the active ingredient, while that the formulation with the increasing sodium borate in formulation had the lower value of T50, which means a faster release of the active ingredient. It was also found that as the size of this formulation decreased, the release of the active ingredient was faster.
A series of metal-varied [ML(SC6F5)] model complexes (where L = hydrotris(3,5-diisopropyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate and M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) related to blue copper proteins has been studied by a combination of absorption, MCD, resonance Raman, and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Density functional calculations have been used to characterize these complexes and calculate their spectra. The observed variations in geometry, spectra, and bond energies are interpreted in terms of changes in the nature of metal-ligand bonding interactions. The metal 3d-ligand orbital interaction, which contributes to covalent bonding in these complexes, becomes stronger going from Mn(II) to Co(II) (the sigma contribution) and to Cu(II) (the pi contribution). This change in the covalency results from the increased effective nuclear charge of the metal atom in going from Mn(II) to Zn(II) and the change in the 3d orbital populations (d5-->d10). Ionic bonding also plays an important role in determining the overall strength of the ML(+)-SC6F5(-) interaction. However, there is a compensating effect: as the covalent contribution to the metal-ligand bonding increases, the ionic contribution decreases. These results provide insight into the Irving-Williams series, where it is found that the bonding of the ligand being replaced by the thiolate makes a major contribution to the observed order of the stability constants over the series of metal ions.
A fast capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for the determination and separation of saikosaponins a, c, and d in Chinese herbal extracts of Bupleurum Chinese DC from different areas. Detection at 214 nm with a system containing sodium borate buffer and mono-3-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD was found to be the most suitable approach for this analysis. Saikosaponins a, c, and d could be easily determined within 8 min. The effect of the concentration of mono-3-phenylcarbamoyl-beta-CD, the concentration of the running buffer and buffer pH value on the migration behavior of the saikosaponins is discussed.