PubMed · 16006370
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Eric Taylor. 2005. ADHD.. https://doi.org/10.1080/15265160500194337
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BACKGROUND: Although abnormalities in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) responses to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment have been reported in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there are few prospective longitudinal studies assessing the long-term effects of MPH and discontinuation effects after chronic treatment. METHODS: The authors studied ten drug-naive children (2 girls, 8 boys, mean age+/-S.D.=9.60+/-1.96) diagnosed with ADHD by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria, using (99m)Tc-HMPAO-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Patients were studied at baseline (visit 1), after 2 months of MPH treatment (visit 2) and after a drug-free period of 2 months following 12 months of MPH treatment (visit 3) at doses of 1 mg/kg/day. We evaluated SPECT data visually and semi-quantitatively. RESULTS: Two months of chronic MPH treatment resulted in visually detectable improvement in hypoperfusion in the right frontal cortex and all areas of temporal cortex with the exception of left lateral temporal cortex. This improvement was still detectable on visual evaluations of SPECT data after 2 months of treatment discontinuation. The treatment effects that were detected visually were not statistically significant in semi-quantitative analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment effects of chronic MPH treatment may persist long after the discontinuation of the treatment.
UNLABELLED: The aims of the study were to explore hyperactivity-inattention (HI) symptoms and co-existing symptoms of emotional and behavioural problems among African school children and their relationship with health status, socio-demographic factors, and school performance. METHOD: A case-control approach was used. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to explore the co-existing emotional and behavioural symptoms and a semi-structured interview with parents to explore the socio-demographic variables. The sample included 357 school children at the age of 7-9 years: 183 children were defined as cases, defined by abnormal scores on the SDQ-HI scale and 174 randomly selected children among those with normal scores on the SDQ-HI were defined as controls. No age and gender differences were noticed between the two groups. RESULTS: A younger maternal age at childbirth, and poor school performances were more frequent among cases than controls. Three quarter of the hyperactive-inattentive children had co-existing symptoms according to SDQ, the most common being conduct problems. CONCLUSION: As in other cultures, co-existence of HI symptoms and emotional and behavioural problems was found in this African setting. Further validation of behavioural screening instruments in African children is called for.
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