PubMed · 15817234
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Anders Mellgren, Joel Goldberg, David A Rothenberger. 2005. Local excision: some reality testing.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soc.2004.11.007
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tissue factor (TF), which normally safeguards vascular integrity by inducing hemostasis upon injury, has received widespread attention in the pathogenesis of cancer progression and metastasis. Aberrantly expressed TF in cancer cells has been reported to be associated with advanced stages of malignancy in various cancers. METHODS: The expression of TF and microvessel density (MVD) were immunohistochemically evaluated in 207 gastric cancers, and their relationship with clinicopathological features was examined. RESULTS: TF was preferentially expressed (41.8%) in intestinal-type cancer at a significantly higher rate than that in diffuse-type cancer (12.1%, P<0.0001). The expression of TF was associated with advanced stage of disease and showed a positive correlation with a higher rate of lymphatic and venous invasion and lymphatic metastasis in intestinal-type, but not in diffuse-type carcinoma. Moreover, TF expression was associated with high MVD in the tumor and a worse outcome only in intestinal-type carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: TF may be critically involved in tumor progression in intestinal-type, but not in diffuse-type, gastric carcinoma. The difference in clinical features between these two histological types might be partially dependent on TF expression profile.
microRNAs are functional, 22 nt, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Disturbance of microRNA expression may play a role in the initiation and progression of certain diseases. A microRNA expression signature has been identified that is associated with pancreatic cancer. This has been accomplished with the application of real-time PCR profiling of over 200 microRNA precursors on specimens of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, paired benign tissue, normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and nine pancreatic cancer cell lines. Hierarchical clustering was able to distinguish tumor from normal pancreas, pancreatitis and cell lines. The PAM algorithm correctly classified 28 of 28 tumors, 6 of 6 normal pancreas and 11 of 15 adjacent benign tissues. One hundred microRNA precursors were aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer or desmoplasia (p < 0.01), including microRNAs previously reported as differentially expressed in other human cancers (miR-155, miR-21, miR-221 and miR-222) as well as those not previously reported in cancer (miR-376a and miR-301). Most of the top aberrantly expressed miRNAs displayed increased expression in the tumor. Expression of the active, mature microRNA was validated using a real-time PCR assay to quantify the mature microRNA and Northern blotting. Reverse transcription in situ PCR showed that three of the top differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-221, -376a and -301) were localized to tumor cells and not to stroma or normal acini or ducts. Aberrant microRNA expression may offer new clues to pancreatic tumorigenesis and may provide diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
The associations of carbohydrate intake, glycemic index and glycemic load with endometrial cancer risk were examined among 61,226 participants of the Swedish Mammography Cohort who were cancer-free at enrollment between 1987 and 1990 and completed a food frequency questionnaire. During a mean follow-up of 15.6 years, through June 2005, 608 incident cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. We observed no overall association between carbohydrate intake, glycemic index or glycemic load and incidence of endometrial cancer; the rate ratios (RRs) for the highest versus the lowest quintile were 1.12 (95% CI, 0.85-1.47) for carbohydrate intake, 1.00 (95% CI, 0.77-1.30) for glycemic index and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.88-1.51) for glycemic load. However, among obese women (body mass index, BMI > or =30 kg/m2), endometrial cancer incidence was nonsignificantly elevated in the top versus bottom quintiles of carbohydrate intake (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 0.86-3.29) and glycemic load (RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.82-2.99). In a subanalysis of women who completed a follow-up questionnaire in 1997, which collected information on physical activity, carbohydrate intake and glycemic load were positively related to endometrial cancer risk among overweight women (BMI > or =25 kg/m2) with low physical activity. In this subgroup, the multivariate RRs comparing extreme quartiles were 1.90 (95% CI, 0.84-4.31) for carbohydrate intake and 2.99 (95% CI, 1.17-7.67) for glycemic load. Results from this cohort study suggest that a high carbohydrate intake and a high glycemic load may increase the risk of endometrial cancer among overweight women with low physical activity.