PubMed · 15779203
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Catherine Jackson. 2005. Virtual circle.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15779203/
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OBJECTIVES: This paper describes and compares three innovative methods for preventing perinatal HIV transmission. Each of these strategies has been developed based on an in-depth assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of existing prevention approaches, and the needs of the populations they serve. METHODS: Florida expanded an existing outreach program to include women in jails in several high-prevalence counties. Incarcerated women were offered testing for pregnancy and HIV and linked to medical and supportive services. One Connecticut hospital sought to increase prenatal HIV testing rates by requiring HIV test results in the electronic medical records. This program is being expanded to other hospitals throughout the state. Louisiana has implemented a systematic review of perinatal data in order to identify potential programmatic enhancements. This review has led to the perinatal fast track system, designed to quickly identify HIV-infected pregnant women and connect them to care. RESULTS: Each program demonstrated improvements in indicators related to prevention of perinatal HIV transmission, such as increased utilization of prenatal care, increased prenatal testing rates, and decreases in perinatal HIV transmission. CONCLUSIONS: These case studies emphasize two key similarities among these programs: the value of collaboration between agencies providing care and services to HIV-infected and high-risk women of childbearing age, and the importance of maximizing opportunities for HIV testing and treatment. These strategies have demonstrated effectiveness in improving health outcomes and reducing perinatal HIV transmission.
Joint ventures between not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals are becoming more popular. Denny Shelton, left, chairman and CEO of Triad Hospitals, says joint ventures offer Triad its greatest source of potential growth. Triad brings the capital and the not-for-profit brings the history and the brand name, he says.
This paper is concerned with the link between urban quality improvements and economic activity. A key question is whether improvements in the urban environment which might be achieved, for instance, through pedestrianisation, will affect business location choices--for example, are office or retail businesses particularly keen to locate in more pleasant urban places? The paper outlines the current state of development of the literature with respect to the influence of urban quality on economic activity, and proposes a framework for forecasting economic impacts based on three communities of reference: customers, employees, and the businesses themselves. The results from original modelling of a case study area in Manchester, England are reported and suggest that the positive uplifts that may be expected from environmental improvement programmes may well be on a scale which is significant. The research is obviously important for the urban regeneration and renaissance agendas which posit attractive and well-designed environments as a way to create the right conditions for promoting economic growth.