PubMed · 15757998
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Mary Kinoulty. 2005. Monitor.. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed%2Fkqi058
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Using data from a survey of 800 managers in 12 industries, we find empirical support for the hypothesis that the cost associated with missed work varies across jobs according to the ease with which a manager can find a perfect replacement for the absent worker, the extent to which the worker functions as part of a team, and the time sensitivity of the worker's output. We then estimate wage 'multipliers' for 35 different jobs, where the multiplier is defined as the cost to the firm of an absence as a proportion (often greater than one) of the absent worker's daily wage. The median multiplier is 1.28, which supports the view that the cost to the firm of missed work is often greater than the wage.
BACKGROUND: Among the possible reasons for low back pain, psychological factors are getting more attention. Early assessment of the stage of chronicity is important for successful therapy. The aim of the present study was to analyse the applicability of the Mainz Pain Staging System (MPSS) for chronic back pain outpatients. METHODS: Each of 679 back pain outpatients were assigned to one of the three MPSS stages of chronic back pain severity. Pain intensity and duration, anxiety and depression, pain sensation, impression of control and muscular capacity (isometric power of lumbal extensor), number of clinical consultations, hospitalisation, and days of work inability were also recorded. RESULTS: Males and females showed levels of chronic pain increasing with age. Patients with high MPSS levels showed significantly higher mean scores for anxiety, depression, number of consultations, hospitalisation, and days of inability to work. Furthermore, the same patients showed lower impressions of control and muscular capacity. CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirms the significance and usefulness of the MPSS applied to outpatients with back pain. To assess completely the stage of chronicity, psychological and physical/functional parameters should also be obtained.
This study investigates the association linking truancy and drug-related experiences among adolescents surveyed via a street outreach program. A total of 2126 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years recruited from Taipei street sites completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use for adolescents with truancy was 15.0-17.9% (12.1-14.5% for ecstasy, 4.6-7.3% for ketamine, and 3.5-8.8% for marijuana), and the corresponding estimate was 3.1-3.4% for youths without truancy. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed a dose-response effect linking the maximum days of truancy with illicit drug us. After holding constant of psychosocial environmental factors and use of readily available substance (i.e., alcohol, tobacco, and betel nut), the results of survival analyses suggested that there might be reciprocal relationships operating between illicit drug use and truancy. These findings may help form programs to identify or monitor youths at risk.