PubMed · 15439326
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M PLOOIJ. 1950-05-27. [Scrub Typhus].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15439326/
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), an amphetamine analog, has been shown recently to increase the release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The present study further characterizes the stimulatory effect of MDMA on cortical ACh release and examines the role of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) receptors in this response. The extracellular concentration of ACh was increased dose-dependently and similarly by the (+) and (-) enantiomers of MDMA (5 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.). The systemic administration of the 5-HT(4) antagonist SDZ 205,557 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not the 5-HT(2A/2B/2C) antagonist LY-53,857 (3 mg/kg, i.p.), significantly decreased cortical ACh release induced by MDMA. The MDMA-induced increase in the extracellular concentration of ACh also was significantly blunted in rats treated with the D(1) receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.). The extent to which the coadministration of SDZ 205,557 and SCH 23390 suppressed the MDMA-induced release of ACh in the PFC was no greater than that produced by either antagonist alone. These results suggest that the 5-HT(4) and D(1) receptor subtypes contribute to the mechanism by which MDMA increases ACh release in the PFC.
The use of sunscreen preparations is recently growing and their efficacy and safety must be taken into account since they are applied on the skin frequently and for many hours. Exposition to sunlight, in fact, can cause sunscreen photodegradation and determine their decrease in UV protection often with the occurrence of allergic and/or toxic degradation products. A high photostability is hence very important for their effectiveness and safety. The aim of this work is to obtain new sunscreen formulations stabilized by intercalating PABA, within the lamellar structures of two kinds of hydrotalcite. PABA was chosen as model sunscreen because of its high photoinstability and photosensitizing properties that nowadays bar its utilization. Both intercalated products showed an increased protection range and, in one case, an improved sunscreen photostability. Sunscreen release from creams containing intercalated or free PABA was evaluated as well. The very low or negligible sunscreen release, obtained from the intercalated product loaded formulations, resulted in a lack of a close contact between skin and filter with the consequence that cutaneous reactions and allergy problems are eliminated. The use of these materials resulted in a good strategic technological approach in order to increase efficacy and safety of solar products.
Sulfa drugs are ubiquitous antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections and diseases caused by eukaryotes, such as Pneumocystis carinii, the leading cause of pneumonia (PCP) in HIV patients. A daily regimen of sulfonamides and multivitamins including vitamin B3 is also recommended for persons with HIV. We show that exogenous vitamin B3 (nicotinate) confers resistance to sulfa drugs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model for P. carinii. We propose a model of metabolic rerouting in which increased nicotinate leads to increased intracellular concentration of p-aminobenzoate, thus leading to sulfonamide resistance.