PubMed · 15430674
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1950. ELECTROSTATIC generator.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15430674/
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The use of electricity is accompanied by electric and magnetic fields which, intended or not, became a part of our environment. However, fear from environmental electromagnetic fields (EMFs) is widespread and so is business with fear. A number of more or less serious products including miracle products are placed on the market partly at excessive costs. By numerical simulation the efficiency of electromagnetic shielding mats was investigated and claims of manufacturers and their cited expert opinions checked. It could be shown that such products do not fulfil the justified expectations of customers, neither in the extremely low frequency (ELF) nor in the radiofrequency (RF) range. On the contrary, these mats usually make things even worse. The connection to ground, if available, might increase the belief on shielding efficiency, but in fact it even enhances fields instead of improving shielding. The electric conductivity of the mat material plays a minor role in the ELF range and enhances field increase in the RF range. It can not explain the enormous price differences. It could be shown that positive reports can be explained by result picking and exceptional arrangements of selected field sources. Overall, the investigation showed that manufacturer's claims about the shielding effectiveness are misleading and fool the customers about the real situation. Therefore, acquisition and use of electromagnetic shielding mats must be strongly discouraged.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have led the way in the treatment of aqueous waste and are rapidly becoming the chosen technology for many applications. In this paper, COD reduction potential of leather tanning industry wastewaters by Electro-Fenton (EF) oxidation, as one of the AOPs, was experimentally evaluated. The wastewater sample was taken from an outlet of an equalization basin in a common treatment plant of an organized tannery industrial region in Istanbul, Turkey. Treatment of the wastewater was carried out by an electrochemical batch reactor equipped with two iron electrodes, which were connected parallel to each other. The oxidation process was studied for optimization of H(2)O(2) and the electricity consumptions were observed at different contact times under different pH conditions (3.0, 5.0 and 7.2). In each case, electricity consumption for decreased COD mass was estimated. In this process, COD was reduced by 60-70% within 10 min. By taking into consideration the local sewerage discharge limit, applicability of EF process for the tannery wastewaters was evaluated.
A novel approach to integrating a buffer ion-permeable membrane in a poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) micro electric field gradient focusing (muEFGF) device is described. A weir structure on which the membrane was positioned was fabricated between the separation channel and field gradient-generating channel. Before formation of the membrane, the surface of the polymeric microdevice was treated for covalent bonding of the membrane. Following surface modification, a prepolymer solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate/methacrylate and Tris-HCl buffer was loaded into the microdevice. Low-pressure nitrogen gas was then purged through the separation and field gradient-generating channels to remove the prepolymer solution from these channels. Residual prepolymer solution was retained on the weir structure due to surface tension. Finally, the premembrane was cured in place on the weir using UV radiation. Using a muEFGF device, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was concentrated 4000-fold. Separation of GFP and R-phycoerythrin, and selective elution of GFP from a protein mixture containing GFP, FITC-labeled casein, and FITC-labeled hemoglobin were also demonstrated. It was found that the membrane conductivity and presence of carboxylic acid impurities in the membrane strongly affected the behavior of the muEFGF device.