PubMed · 14905318
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G J SHARPE. 1952. A nursing program based on educational needs.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14905318/
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Observational studies suggest a longer duration of breastfeeding to be associated dose dependently with a decrease in risk of overweight in later life. The authors performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of the existing studies on duration of breastfeeding and risk of overweight. Studies were included that reported the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (or the data to calculate them) of overweight associated with breastfeeding and that reported the duration of breastfeeding and used exclusively formula-fed subjects as the referent. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. By meta-regression, the duration of breastfeeding was inversely associated with the risk of overweight (regression coefficient=0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.89, 0.98). Categorical analysis confirmed this dose-response association (<1 month of breastfeeding: odds ratio (OR)=1.0, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.55; 1-3 months: OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.88; 4-6 months: OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.86; 7-9 months: OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.82; >9 months: OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.91). One month of breastfeeding was associated with a 4% decrease in risk (OR=0.96/month of breastfeeding, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.98). The definitions of overweight and age had no influence. These findings strongly support a dose-dependent association between longer duration of breastfeeding and decrease in risk of overweight.
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of different types of breastfeeding and how they relate to maternal variables in the municipality of Conchas, São Paulo, Brazil, which is fully covered by the family health program. We collected information about the current eating habits of children under one year old who were attended during the 2003 Multivaccination Campaign. Associations were submitted to the chi-square test, adopting p<0.05 as the critical level. The prevalence rates for exclusive breastfeeding (EB) and predominant breastfeeding (PB) in 4-month-olds and younger were 25.4% and 44.4%, respectively, and 66.7% of the children under one were still being breastfed. Prevalence for EB in 6-month-olds and younger was heterogeneous, ranging from 7.4 to 41.2% according to the children's region of origin in the FHP. Difficulties at the beginning of breastfeeding were associated with lower prevalence rates for EB and PB. These results show a situation far from WHO recommendations and from that situation in which there is evidence that children's health receives maximum protection, reiterate the need to support mothers in the early puerperal period and demonstrate the importance of diagnoses separated per regions for actions aimed at promoting breastfeeding.
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