PubMed · 14903836
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D N MATTHEWS. 1952. Burns.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14903836/
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BACKGROUND: Burn injuries trigger complex immune responses and gene expression changes, impacting wound healing and systemic inflammation. Understanding these changes is crucial for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. METHODS: We analyzed two gene expression omnibus datasets (wound tissue [GSE8056] and blood [GSE37069]) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in burn injury samples versus controls. Immune cell proportions were assessed using CIBERSORT. Functional enrichment analyses (Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed to identify key genes and pathways. RESULTS: We identified 1170 upregulated and 1227 downregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis revealed enrichment in neutrophil activation, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix organization. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF, and IL-17 signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant changes in neutrophils, macrophages (M1/M2), and T-cell subsets. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified five hub genes: JUN, STAT1, Bcl2, MMP9, and TLR2. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of gene expression and immune responses in burn injuries. The identified DEGs, hub genes, and pathways offer insights into the immune response mechanisms and suggest potential targets for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in burn injury management.
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Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging (OPS) utilizes the illumination of the tissue with polarized light within the haemoglobin spectrum. We report here on OPS for the assessment of the skin microcirculation non-invasively through the surface of the human burn wound. This allows inspection of individual capillaries of the cutaneous microcirculation and flow through these vessels in real time. Two distinct microcirculatory patterns were seen. Superficial burns had small visible dermal capillaries studied throughout the field of view. The flow of individual erythrocytes through these capillaries was clearly visible in real-time. Conversely, deep burns showed large thrombosed vessel coursing in a criss-cross fashion. There was marked difference between the mean optical densities for normal skin and superficial burns (65.8+/-15.6 and 64+/-14.6, respectively) and deep burns (131.2+/-31.1). These findings indicate that OPS may have utility in the assessment of cutaneous microcirculation in burns.