PubMed · 14876431
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R WOLF, L STEMMLE, F F YONKMAN. 1951-09-21. Filing lantern slides.. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.114.2960.308
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Magnification around the most important point of a movie scene (center of interest-COI) might aid people with visual impairments that cause resolution loss. This will be effective only if most people look at the same place when watching a movie. We recorded the eye movements of 20 normally sighted subjects as each watched six movie clips, totaling 37.5 min. More than half of the time the distribution of subject gaze points fell within an area statistic that was less than 12% of the movie scene. Male and older subjects were more likely to look in the same place than female and younger subjects, respectively. We conclude that the between-subject agreement is sufficient to make the approach practical.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness of visual illustrations in improving people's understanding of the preventive aim of flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening. METHODS: Three-hundred and eighteen people aged 60-64 were offered an appointment to attend FS screening and randomly allocated to receive either written information alone or written information plus illustrations. The illustrations showed the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and how it can be interrupted by removing polyps found during FS. Telephone interviews were conducted with a randomly selected sub-set of people prior to their screening appointment to assess their knowledge and understanding of the test (n=65). The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and content analysed by researchers blind to the condition people had been allocated to. RESULTS: In the written information only group, 57% understood that the test was looking for polyps rather than just cancer, whilst in the group who received written information and illustrations, 84% understood this. Logistic regression analyses confirmed that addition of illustrations resulted in significantly better understanding (OR=3.75; CI: 1.16-12.09; p=0.027), and this remained significant controlling for age, gender and Townsend scores (an area-based measure of deprivation) (OR=10.85; CI: 1.72-68.43; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Illustrations improved understanding of the preventive aim of FS screening. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Pictoral illustrations could be used to facilitate patient understanding of screening.
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