PubMed · 14846887
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M RIDER. 1951. Allergic conjunctivitis.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14846887/
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The absence or very low levels of plasminogen cause a rare disabling disease called ligneous conjunctivitis, characterized by the growth of fibrin-rich pseudomembranes in the conjunctiva and on other mucosal surfaces. Several mutations have been detected in the plasminogen gene of patients affected with ligneous conjunctivitis. The human plasminogen gene, located on chromosome 6, has a marked homology with the genes belonging to the plasminogen-apo(a) family, and with a number of pseudogenes and plasminogen-like genes located on chromosome 2. This work describes a series of nucleotide variations related to genes other than the plasminogen one, found during the genetic characterization of plasminogen defect in two unrelated patients with ligneous conjunctivitis. The results of automated sequences of each exon and intron-exon boundaries were compared with those of the human plasminogen gene from the NCBI gene bank. In particular, a co-amplified gene on chromosome 2 mimicking a 14 bp deletion in exon 5 of the plasminogen gene was identified by sequencing two different bands obtained from a long run of the PCR exon 5 product in NuSieve agarose gel, and by PstI restriction enzyme analysis of the same amplicons. Moreover, 21 single nucleotide exchanges due to plasminogen-like genes co-amplification were observed, namely one in exon 1, two in exon 4, three in exons 3, 5 and 16, four in exon 13, and five in exon 17. In conclusion, these data confirm the difficulty of plasminogen genetic analysis and may help researchers to better identify the true plasminogen gene mutations causing molecular defects.
Mounting evidence suggests that inflammation is the key factor in the pathogenesis of various ocular surface diseases, with a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychosocial factors. Management of these conditions is often challenging. Topical corticosteroids, with their associated side effects, are the mainstay of current treatments for patients with vision threatening disease. Ciclosporin A is an immunomodulator that specifically inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation. Recently, a topical ciclosporin preparation was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and became available for use in ophthalmology. Given the increasing use of ciclosporin eye drops, the goal of this article is to provide the reader with an overview of the well established uses of ciclosporin and to help refine the questions that should be addressed by future investigations.
AIM: To audit all eye casualties presenting to a British Army Field Hospital during the conflict period of Operation Telic between the dates 27th March and 1st May 2003. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of entries into the attendance register and clinical notes from the Emergency Department of 34 Field Hospital. RESULTS: Forty five eye casualties were seen in the Emergency Department of 34 Field Hospital and they accounted for 2.0% of all attendances (n=2292). Of these, eye injuries were the commonest (58.7%), whilst the diagnosis of conjunctivitis was the most frequent non-traumatic presentation. A total of 6 casualties required transfer rearwards to a specialist UK facility. Of all eye casualties seen, 6 were of non-coalition status. CONCLUSIONS: Eye patients account for a significant proportion of the total number of casualties seen during the warfighting stage; only 25% of eye injuries can return to active duty, compared with 85% of all surviving wounded. Importantly, even minor eye injuries or infections can rapidly incapacitate personnel and if untreated cause permanent severe visual loss. The prompt diagnosis of ocular pathology, coupled with appropriate treatment in the field or evacuation for advanced care, can limit potential sight-threatening sequelae.