PubMed · 14832874
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K A M TOMORY. 1951. Field training: exercise- hereward.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14832874/
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Exercise-induced shifts in signal intensity (SI) of magnetic resonance (MR) images were examined to assess indirectly muscle use in closed- and open-chain knee extensor exercises. Eight men performed five sets of 8-12 repetitions in the leg press (LP) and the seated knee extension (KE) exercises at 50, 75 and 100%, respectively of the 5 x 10 repetition maximum (RM) load. Prior to exercise and after each load setting, images of the thigh were obtained. The increase in SI (Delta SI) of the quadriceps at 100% load was greater (P < 0.05) after KE (32.1 +/- 9.0%) than after LP (21.9 +/- 9.2%). Regardless of load, the four individual muscles of the quadriceps showed similar changes in SI after LP. The three vastii muscles showed comparable increases in SI after KE. M. rectus femoris showed greater (P < 0.05) Delta SI than the vastii muscles at 100%. Neither exercise produced increase in SI of mm. semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis or biceps femoris. Mm. adductor magnus and longus showed increased (13.3 +/- 6.5%; P < 0.05) SI after LP, but not after KE, at 100% load. The present data also infer greater involvement of the quadriceps muscle in the open-chain knee extension than in the closed-chain leg press exercise. The results of the current investigation also indicate similar over-all use among the three vastii muscles in LP and KE, but differential m. rectus femoris use between the two exercises. This report extends the merits of the MR imaging technique as an aid to study individual muscle involvement in a particular exercise task.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of physical training (PTr) on upper leg muscle area, muscle strength and muscle endurance expressed as upper leg muscle function (ULMF) in relation to exercise performance in CHF. DESIGN: Randomised to a training (TG) or control group (CG). SETTING: Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation centre of community hospital. PATIENTS: 77 CHF patients (59 men and 18 women), NYHA class II/III, age 59.8+/-9.3 years, LVEF 27+/-8%. Sixteen patients dropped out during the intervention period, 61 patients (M/F:46/15) completed the study. INTERVENTION: PTr (combined strength and endurance exercises) four times per week, twice supervised and twice at home, during 26 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: LVEF, body composition, daily physical activity, exercise performance, upper leg muscle area and isokinetic leg muscle variables. RESULTS: Workload and peak oxygen consumption decreased in the CG (-4.1% and -4%) but increased in the TG (+5% and +4%) following PTr (p<0.05, ANOVA repeated measures). Hamstrings area decreased in the CG and did not change in the TG (p<0.05, ANOVA repeated measures). ULMF improved in the TG, but remained unchanged in the CG (+13.0% and 0.0, respectively, p<0.05; ANOVA repeated measures). At baseline and after intervention nearly 60% of the variance in maximal workload was explained by ULMF and quadriceps muscle area (multiple regression analysis). CONCLUSIONS: In CHF patients, home-based training in conjunction with a supervised strength and endurance training program is safe, feasible and effective and does not require complex training equipment. Physical training prevented loss of hamstrings muscle mass and improved exercise performance by enhancing muscle strength and endurance.