PubMed · 14814586
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C S AMATRUDA, J V BALDWIN. 1951. Current adoption practices.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(51)80110-0
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As of May 24, 2004, investigators have identified 10 confirmed measles cases associated with adoptees who traveled to the United States from China during March 2004. No cases have been reported since April 18, and all the ill persons have recovered without complications. CDC is now recommending that the temporary suspension of adoptions from the affected orphanage in China be ended and standard adoption procedures be resumed.
OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of house soiling, aggression toward people, and aggression toward other cats among kittens adopted from an animal shelter and whether frequency of these behaviors was associated with age at the time of neutering. DESIGN: Survey. ANIMALS: 126 kittens adopted from a humane society at 6 to 13 weeks of age. PROCEDURE: Owners of the kittens were contacted by telephone approximately 4, 18, and 52 weeks after kittens were adopted, and a behavioral assessment questionnaire was administered. Owners were asked to indicate whether the kitten had displayed the specific behavior in the preceding 30 days. Sixty-three kittens were neutered prior to adoption; the remaining 63 were neutered at 5 to 7 months of age, after the second behavioral assessment. RESULTS: In the month following adoption, 64 (50.8%) kittens were reported to have at least 1 of the 3 behaviors. There was no evidence that the 3 behaviors were related. The percentage of kittens reported to urinate or defecate outside the litter box decreased from the first to second evaluation and remained low at the third evaluation. The percentage of kittens reported to show aggression toward people and the percentage reported to show aggression toward other cats decreased from the first to second evaluation, but increased again at the third evaluation. There was no significant association between age at the time of neutering and any of the 3 behaviors. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest behavior problems may be common in kittens adopted from a humane society, particularly during the first month after adoption.
Stressful stimuli during pregnancy induce complex effects that influence the development of offspring. These effects can be prevented by environmental manipulations during the early postnatal period. Repeated restraint during the last week of pregnancy was used as a model of prenatal stress, and adoption at birth was used to change the postnatal environment. No differences were found in various physical landmarks, except for testis descent, for which all prenatally stressed pups showed a 1-day delay in comparison with control rats, regardless of the postnatal adoption procedure. Levels of dopamine (DA) D(2) and glutamate (Glu) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors were differentially regulated in different forebrain regions of cross-fostered adult offspring. Increased concentrations of cortical D(2) receptors detected in stressed pups, raised by a gestationally stressed biological mother, were not detected when the pups were raised by a control mother. Control pups raised by a foster mother whether gestationally stressed or not had higher levels of NMDA receptors in cortical areas. These findings suggest that the normal expression of DA and Glu receptors is influenced by in utero experience and by lactation. The complex pattern of receptor changes reflects the high vulnerability of DA and Glu systems to variations both in prenatal and in postnatal environment, particularly for cortical D(2) receptors and NMDA receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, testis descent appears to be more susceptible to prenatal than to postnatal environmental events.