PubMed · 14780621
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L L LOVSHIN. 1950. Benign nervousness.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14780621/
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AIM: This study investigated anxiety levels before, during and after mammography in the Waikato breast cancer screening pilot. METHOD: A sample of 1085 women on the Waikato database were sent survey questionnaires, which included questions about the anxiety experienced. Data from 584 completed questionnaires were obtained. RESULTS: Two significant findings were identified. The first was that population-based screening can ultimately reduce anxiety for participants who receive a clear result from their mammogram. The second finding was that levels of worry throughout were related to ethnicity. Maori and Pacific Island women reported higher levels of worry than New Zealand European and Asian women about developing breast cancer (p<0.001), while awaiting their appointment (p=0.041) and results (p=0.046). Across all groups, levels of worry about developing breast cancer were also related to level of education (p=0.018), a family history of breast cancer (p=0.002), stress levels during screening mammography (p<0.001), and experience of pain during the procedure (p<0.001). At least some months following receipt of their results, 67% (95% CI 63-71) of all women experienced reassurance from receiving a clear result. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the population-based screening programme demonstrates greater potential to ultimately relieve (rather then increase) anxiety for participants who receive a clear result from their mammogram.
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of infertility and concurrent medical treatment may inflict an array of negative emotional symptoms in infertile persons. Evidence for the positive effects of psychotherapy on negative affect and also possible influence on conception rates has been discussed in several studies. METHOD: Meta-analyses were conducted in order to evaluate the efficacy of group and individual/couple therapies on (i) the reduction of negative emotional symptoms, and (ii) the possible promotion of pregnancy. RESULTS: Group and individual/couple psychotherapy led to a decrease in feelings of anxiety. Upon termination of psychotherapy, a reduction of depressive symptoms in patients was greater after 6 months. Psychotherapy accompanying IVF treatment yielded similar conception success rates to psychological interventions administered to patients not in specific medical care. CONCLUSION: Results are suggestive of positive effects of psychotherapy for infertile patients. However, these results must be viewed with caution due to methodological and informational bias within the studies analysed.
CONTEXT: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, and by a low pain threshold at specific anatomical points. The syndrome is associated with other symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbance, morning stiffness and anxiety. Because of its chronic nature, it often has a negative impact on patients' quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality of life and anxiety level of patients with fibromyalgia. TYPE OF STUDY: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Rheumatology outpatient service of Hospital das Clínicas (Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo). METHODS: This study evaluated 80 individuals, divided between test and control groups. The test group included 40 women with a confirmed diagnosis of fibromyalgia. The control group was composed of 40 healthy women. Three questionnaires were used: two to assess quality of life (FIQ and SF-36) and one to assess anxiety (STAI). They were applied to the individuals in both groups in a single face-to-face interview. The statistical analysis used Student's t test and Pearson's correlation test (r), with a significance level of 95%. Also, the Pearson chi-squared statistics test for homogeneity, with Yates correction, was used for comparing schooling between test and control groups. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000), thus indicating that fibromyalgia patients have a worse quality of life and higher levels of anxiety. The correlations between the three questionnaires were high (r = 0.9). DISCUSSION: This study has confirmed the efficacy of FIQ for evaluating the impact of fibromyalgia on the quality of life. SF-36 is less specific than FIQ, although statistically significant values were obtained when analyzed separately, STAI showed lower efficacy for discriminating the test group from the control group. The test group showed worse quality of life than did the control group, which was demonstrated by both FIQ and SF-36. Even though STAI was a less efficient instrument, it presented significant results, showing that fibromyalgia patients presented higher levels of anxiety, both on the state and trait scales. Thus, patients with fibromyalgia had higher levels of tension, nervousness, preoccupation and apprehension, and higher propensity towards anxiety. CONCLUSION: The three instruments utilized showed efficiency in evaluating fibromyalgia patients. FIQ was found to be the most efficient instrument for discriminating and assessing the impact of fibromyalgia on their quality of life. It can be concluded that such patients have a worse quality of life and higher levels of anxiety.