PubMed · 14421586
The source did not provide an abstract. Follow the original record for more information.
Explore connections, maps & timelines
B T MARTEINSSON, J E MUSGROVE. 1960. Intestinal replacement procedures.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14421586/
Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.
KEEP EXPLORING
OBJECTIVE: To study the sonographic anatomy and physiology of the human fetal esophagus during the mid-trimester of pregnancy using a high-resolution linear transducer. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of the fetal esophagus between 19 and 25 weeks' gestation. The study was performed in 60 consecutive fetuses, after a normal anatomy scan, using a 5-13-MHz matrix array wide-band transducer. During the examination the collapsed esophagus was first visualized, and followed by a 5-min video recording in order to demonstrate luminal patency and peristaltic waves. RESULTS: Complete anatomical visualization of the esophagus was possible in 52 (86.7%) patients and at least partial visualization in 58 (96.7%) patients. Three different patterns of esophageal motility were observed: a simultaneous and short opening of the whole esophagus was found in 35 (58.3%) fetuses; a segmental, peristalsis-like movement from the pharynx, through the mediastinum, and into the stomach was found in 18 (30%) fetuses; and in one fetus reflux-like passage of solid contents from the stomach was observed. The mean time required for demonstration of esophageal patency was 96.1 (range, 10-300) s. CONCLUSIONS: Demonstration of normal anatomy and physiological activity of the fetal esophagus is feasible using appropriate transducers. The most commonly observed pattern of esophageal motility in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is the simultaneous relaxation of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters with concurrent opening of the esophageal lumen from the upper thorax to the stomach. Demonstration of a patent esophagus may be helpful in fetuses with suspected esophageal atresia.
Surgical use of robotics, or computer-assisted surgical systems (CAS), has evolved over the last 10 years; for the treatment of chest diseases, however, the development has really occurred in the last 3 to 4 years. This brief history means that there have been few publications in the medical literature, and those that exist are mostly case reports. Moreover, because of this modest experience, robotic thoracic procedures currently take more time than nonrobotic cases and, thus, are more expensive. The surgical learning curve appears to be steep, especially for the more complex procedures. As surgeons gain greater experience and the complexity and cost of the equipment are reduced, we should expect to see greater utility of CAS in thoracic surgery.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.