PubMed · 14399242
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J D HAMER. 1959. Osteopathy.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14399242/
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Freeze-drying is considered to be the best technique for allograft preparation and storage. This method is, however, unsuitable for use in developing countries due to high costs. Ethylene oxide sterilization is still controversial because of its effect on osteoinductive capacity. This study involved setting up a bone bank for the first time. Cancellous bone collected from 40 patients was cleaned thoroughly, chemically processed, and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas and stored doubly packed. The grafts were implanted in 11 patients with 14 nonunions. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically. Thirteen sites were united at the end of 12 months, taking an average of 44.8 weeks to unite. Allograft was also used in 8 benign bone lesions, which showed incorporation of the graft by 29 weeks. This study shows cancellous allograft is suitable for packing cavities in the treatment of benign bone lesions and in treatment of nonunion. There was one deep infection. The low infection rate confirms the efficacy of ethylene oxide as a reliable option for sterilization of bone allograft, and it is also cost effective.
Bone metastases in patients with renal cell carcinoma are associated with a high risk of skeletal complications. Therefore, a subset analysis of a larger clinical trial was performed to determine the efficacy of zoledronic acid in renal cell carcinoma patients. Patients with bone metastases from solid tumors other than breast or prostate cancer (n=773) were randomized to receive zoledronic acid or placebo via 15-minute infusion every 3 weeks for 9 months. Patients were monitored for skeletal-related events, which were defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, radiotherapy, or surgery to bone. Among the subset of 74 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 46 patients were treated with 4 mg of zoledronic acid or placebo. Significantly fewer patients treated with 4 mg zoledronic acid had a skeletal-related event (37% versus 74% for placebo, P=0.015), and zoledronic acid significantly prolonged the time to first skeletal-related event (median not reached at 9 months versus 72 days for placebo; P=0.006). Zoledronic acid significantly reduced the annual incidence of skeletal-related events by approximately 21% (mean 2.68 versus 3.38 events per year for placebo, P=0.014) and significantly reduced the risk of developing a skeletal-related event by 61% compared with placebo (risk ratio=0.394, P=0.008) by multiple event analysis. Median time to progression of bone lesions was also significantly extended with zoledronic acid treatment (P=0.014). Zoledronic acid is the first bisphosphonate to significantly reduce skeletal morbidity and significantly prolong time to bone lesion progression in patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
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