PubMed · 14393314
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H H F Barns. 1955. Comfortable abdominal operating.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14393314/
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Waist circumference (W) has been shown to be a good predictor of cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical activity (PA) is related to W in adolescents as previously shown in adults. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: Cross-sectional population-based survey of 2,714 12-y-old adolescents from the eastern part of France. MEASUREMENTS: Body mass index (BMI) and W were measured. Structured PA, active commuting to and from school and sedentary activities (SED), for example television viewing, computer/video games and reading and different potential confounders (dietary habits, parental overweight, family annual income tax and educational level) were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: The adolescents had a mean BMI of 19.0+/-3.4 kg/m2, and 20.2% of them were overweight, with no gender difference. Boys had a greater W than girls (67.6+/-9.1 vs 65.7+/-8.9 cm, P<0.0001). In all, 42% of the girls and 25% of the boys did not practice any structured PA outside school and less than 40% of the adolescents commuted actively to school more than 20 min/day. About one-third of the adolescents devoted more than 2 h/day to SED. In univariate analyses, BMI was negatively associated with structured PA but significantly only for girls (P<0.01) and positively associated with SED for both genders (P<0.0001 for girls, P<0.01 for boys). W was negatively associated with structured PA and positively associated with SED both in girls (P<0.0001 and P=0.03, respectively) and boys (P<0.01 and P=0.08, respectively). Multiple general linear models show that SED is associated with BMI, independently of structured PA, in both genders. On the other hand, structured PA was inversely associated with W, independently of SED. The inverse relation between structured PA and W persisted after additional adjustment on BMI, with a greater effect of PA for the adolescents with higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In 12-y-old adolescents, structured PA is inversely associated with W, an indicator of total adiposity but also more specifically of abdominal fat. This suggests that PA may have a beneficial effect on youth metabolic and cardiovascular risks, in particular in the presence of overweight..
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, experimental. OBJECTIVES: To investigate and compare static lung volumes and breathing patterns in persons with a cervical spinal cord lesion during breathing at rest, ordinary deep breathing, positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and inspiratory resistance-positive expiratory pressure (IR-PEP) with and without an abdominal binder (AB). SETTING: The outpatient clinic at the Spinal Unit at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden. METHOD: The study group consisted of 20 persons with complete cervical cord lesion at C5-C8 level. Breathing patterns and static lung volumes with and without an AB were measured using a body plethysmograph. RESULTS: : With an AB, static lung volumes decreased, vital capacity increased, breathing patterns changed only marginally and functional residual capacity remained unchanged during PEP and IR-PEP. CONCLUSION: Evidence supporting the general use of an AB to prevent respiratory complications by means of respiratory training is questionable. However, the interindividual variation in our results indicates that we cannot rule out that some patients may benefit from the treatment.
The evidence for anthropometric factors influencing breast cancer risk is accumulating, but uncertainties remain concerning the role of fat distribution and potential effect modifiers. We used data from 73,542 premenopausal and 103,344 postmenopausal women from 9 European countries, taking part in the EPIC study. RRs from Cox regression models were calculated, using measured height, weight, BMI and waist and hip circumferences; categorized by cohort-wide quintiles; and expressed as continuous variables, adjusted for study center, age and other risk factors. During 4.7 years of follow-up, 1,879 incident invasive breast cancers were identified. In postmenopausal women, current HRT modified the body size-breast cancer association. Among nonusers, weight, BMI and hip circumference were positively associated with breast cancer risk (all ptrend < or = 0.002); obese women (BMI > 30) had a 31% excess risk compared to women with BMI < 25. Among HRT users, body measures were inversely but nonsignificantly associated with breast cancer. Excess breast cancer risk with HRT was particularly evident among lean women. Pooled RRs per height increment of 5 cm were 1.05 (95% CI 1.00-1.16) in premenopausal and 1.10 (95% CI 1.05-1.16) in postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, hip circumference was the only other measure significantly related to breast cancer (ptrend = 0.03), after accounting for BMI. In postmenopausal women not taking exogenous hormones, general obesity is a significant predictor of breast cancer, while abdominal fat assessed as waist-hip ratio or waist circumference was not related to excess risk when adjusted for BMI. Among premenopausal women, weight and BMI showed nonsignificant inverse associations with breast cancer.