PubMed · 14309127
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M DELBUONO, L POPOVIC, K RALETIC, A RUETTIMANN. 1964. [CAVOGRAPHY].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14309127/
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Screening and diagnostic tests are important in disease prevention or control. The predictive values of positive and negative (PPV and NPV) test results are two of four operational characteristics of a screening test. We review an existing method based on the generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology for comparing predictive values from the same sample of subjects and propose two Wald test statistics derived from the weighted least squares (WLS) method for the analysis of categorical data. Using these results, we propose sample size calculation formulae for this problem. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the performances of the two Wald test statistics (one based on the difference of two PPVs or NPVs, another based on the logarithm of the ratio of two PPVs or NPVs) and the score/Wald test statistic derived from GEE. We recommend using the difference-based WLS approach.
The general design of catheters is bound by many needs. Angiographic catheters must be rigid enough to be torquable and to maintain lumen structural integrity, but also flexible enough to bend with the curves of a blood vessel. They should cause minimal tissue damage; avoid biocompatibility-related complications, and be reliable over time. This study proposes a new testing approach to clearly identify the flexural rigidity of catheters by using a buckling test to evaluate the peak compressive load. This study also tests several angiographic catheters for axial and torsional rigidity. Seven different catheters used for short-term procedures, with and without reinforcement and of various sizes, were evaluated as a preliminary evaluation of test methods for future in vitro testing of catheters; it was found that the buckling test works very well and provides repeatable results.
BACKGROUND: The conditions at the injection site are important in cell transplantation for severe ischemic heart disease. The omentum is both a well-vascularized tissue and a source of angiogenic factors. We examined the effectiveness of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) with or without omentopexy in a large animal model. METHODS: Myocardial infarction was generated in the lateral wall by ligation of coronary artery branches in miniswine. Animals received BM-MNC injection with or without omentopexy. Controls received saline only. Three weeks after surgery, regional myocardial blood flow and contractility were measured, and density of arterioles was evaluated immunohistologically. Angiography and postmortem examinations were performed to determine collateral communication. RESULTS: Regional myocardial contractility was significantly improved by BM-MNC transplantation both with and without omentopexy (0.29 +/- 0.02 vs 0.11 +/- 0.03, p < 0.01, 0.30 +/- 0.02 vs 0.12 +/- 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). Relative regional myocardial blood flow in the combined omentopexy group was significantly higher than the controls both at rest (1.05 +/- 0.11 vs 0.57 +/- 0.07, p < 0.01) and under stress (1.09 +/- 0.08 vs 0.40 +/- 0.10, p < 0.01). The number of arterioles (< 50 microm) in both groups were higher than the controls (88.1 +/- 5.00 vs 38.1 +/- 8.99, p < 0.01 and 109.2 +/- 9.91 vs 38.1 +/- 8.99, p < 0.01, respectively). The number of large arterioles (> 50 microm) in the combined omentopexy group was significantly higher than in both BM-MNC alone (26.9 +/- 2.4 vs 17.6 +/- 1.8, p = 0.011) and controls (26.9 +/- 2.4 vs 10.0 +/- 1.3, p < 0.01). Collateral communication between the omentum and myocardium was demonstrated by angiography and postmortem injection. CONCLUSIONS: The BM-MNC transplantation may attenuate cardiac contractile dysfunction, and omentopexy may enhance angiogenesis induced by BM-MNC transplantation.