PubMed · 14230504
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A S LURE. 1964. [A TECHNIC FOR RECTAL RESECTION].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14230504/
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BACKGROUND: The objective of the investigation was to demonstrate the presence of voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in human prostate smooth muscle cells and to determine their biophysical characteristics. METHODS: Prostate smooth muscle cells were isolated from biopsy samples of human prostates obtained from prostatectomy specimens or TURP chips. Electrophysiological recordings were made under current- or voltage-clamp using patch-type electrodes. RESULTS: The average resting potential of prostate myocytes was 63 +/- 11 mV and action potentials (APs) could be elicited when K+ currents were blocked. With K-filled electrodes inward current was followed by a large outward component. When K+ currents were blocked a large Ca2+-sensitive inward current was measured. The inward current could be divided into two components, a fraction blocked by 30 microM verapamil and another by 20 microM NiCl2. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the sensitivity to antagonists and holding potential both L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels were identified in human prostate smooth muscle.
In many animal species different intestinal Helicobacter species have been described and a few species are associated with intestinal infection. In humans, the only member of the Helicobacter family which is well described in literature is Helicobacter pylori. No other Helicobacter-associated diseases have definitely been shown in humans. We developed a sensitive quantitative PCR to investigate whether Helicobacter species DNA can be detected in the human gastrointestinal tract. We tested gastric biopsies (including biopsies from H. pylori positive persons), intestinal mucosal biopsies and fecal samples from healthy persons, and intestinal mucosal biopsies from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) for the presence of Helicobacter species. All gastric biopsies, positive for H. pylori by culture, were also positive in our newly developed PCR. No Helicobacter species were found in the mucosal biopsies from patients with IBD (n = 50) nor from healthy controls (n = 25). All fecal samples were negative. Our study suggests that Helicobacter species, other than H. pylori, are not present in the normal human gastrointestinal flora and our results do not support a role of Helicobacter species in IBD.
Human alpha defensins 1, 2, and 3 are produced by CD8 T cells of HIV-infected long-term nonprogressors and have an antiviral activity. alpha Defensins were examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cervical-vaginal mononuclear cells (CVMCs), and cervical biopsies of 9 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected women (ESNs), 10 HIV-infected patients (HIV), and 13 low-risk healthy controls (HCs). Results showed that, whereas alpha defensin production and alpha defensin-expressing CD8 lymphocytes were comparable in ESNs and HIV patients, constitutive alpha defensin production by peripheral CD8 and CVMCs was augmented in ESNs compared with HCs (P = 0.001 and P = 0.058, respectively); alpha defensin mRNA was increased in PBMCs of ESNs; unstimulated, alpha defensin-expressing peripheral and mucosal CD8 lymphocytes were 10-fold higher in ESNs compared with HCs (P = 0.003 and P = 0.01, respectively); and alpha defensin mRNA and alpha defensin-expressing cells were augmented in cervical biopsies of ESN compared with HCs (mRNA:P = 0.03). The differences were reduced upon in vitro mitogen stimulation. A robust constitutive production of alpha defensin is seen in HIV-exposed uninfected individuals; these peptides could have a role in the potentially protective immune response that characterizes ESNs.