PubMed · 14220407
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B J VAKIL, A J MEHTA, T H TULPULE. 1964. RECURRENT TETANUS.. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.40.468.601
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Japan has a formidable tradition in immunological research, starting with Shibasaburo Kitasato (1852-1931), who, after returning to Japan from his studies with Robert Koch, went on to build almost single-handedly a research tradition in investigative medical research, while engaging himself in the fight against infectious diseases. Over the past few decades, Japanese immunologists have been involved in many important discoveries at the forefront of immunological research, yet, when it comes to the translation of new discoveries into clinical innovations and new therapies, Japan's track record seems more modest.
There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the interlaboratory reproducibility of extended histopathology, using tissues from studies of ten test chemicals and both negative and positive controls from the National Toxicology Program's immunotoxicology testing program. We examined the consistency between experienced toxicologic pathologists, who had varied expertise in immunohistopathology in identifying lesions in immune tissues, and in the sensitivity of the individual and combined histopathological endpoints to detect chemical effects and dose response. Factor analysis was used to estimate the association of each pathologist with a so-called "common factor" and analysis-of-variance methods were used to evaluate biases. Agreement between pathologists was highest in the thymus, in particular, when evaluating cortical cellularity of the thymus; good in spleen follicular cellularity and in spleen and lymph node-germinal center development; and poorest in spleen red-pulp changes. In addition, the ability to identify histopathological change in lymphoid tissues was dependent upon the experience/training that the individual pathologist possessed in examining lymphoid tissue and the apparent severity of the specific lesion.
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