PubMed · 14107532
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J STALPORT, G HORECZKI. 1963. [PAPILLOTOMY AND ODDIAN FUNCTION].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14107532/
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Our aim was to evaluate whether it is possible to visualize slow flow within a small catheter placed inside a living animal. We used a flow-sensitive, single-shot turbo spin-echo (SS-TSE) MRI sequence, developed in house, based on diffusion-weighted (DW) techniques. Four anesthetized pigs were used as models. A plastic catheter was surgically placed within the common bile duct (CBD). To mimic flow, the catheter was filled with Ringer's acetate and connected to a pump. b factors (s/m(2)) of 0, 6, and 12, with flow velocities raging from 0 to 1.32 cm/s, were used. A total of 375 images were obtained and examined. After correction for bowel movement artifacts, all images displayed the catheter on zero flow. With a flow of 0.66 cm/s or higher, no images displayed the catheter with a b factor of 6 or 12. On the slower flow velocities, it was variable whether the catheter was visible or not, but at b=6 and flow 0.17 cm/s all catheters were viewable. This method made it possible to perform a semiquantitative evaluation of flow velocities in vivo, dividing flow into three groups.
Endoscopic papillotomy, introduced in 1973, is now an established endoscopic procedure for treatment of various diseases of the papilla, bile duct, and pancreas. This article describes the use of this technique, the various instruments that can be employed, the instances in which it is indicated, and its associated complications and risks. Alternative treatments are also summarized.