PubMed · 14044419
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E R BENDALL, J B CRAIG. 1963-08-23. TEACHING MACHINES AND PROGRAMMED LEARNING.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14044419/
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We have implemented LIFEdb (http://www.dkfz.de/LIFEdb) to link information regarding novel human full-length cDNAs generated and sequenced by the German cDNA Consortium with functional information on the encoded proteins produced in functional genomics and proteomics approaches. The database also serves as a sample-tracking system to manage the process from cDNA to experimental read-out and data interpretation. A web interface enables the scientific community to explore and visualize features of the annotated cDNAs and ORFs combined with experimental results, and thus helps to unravel new features of proteins with as yet unknown functions.
A fully automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Architect HBsAg QT) was used for the detection and quantitation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The assay is capable of processing up to 800 HBsAg tests per hour. The concentration of HBsAg is determined by utilizing a previously generated Architect HBsAg calibration curve. Architect HBsAg QT sensitivity was found to be around 0.2ng/ml which is equivalent or superior to other known and commercially available enzyme immunoassays and/or chemiluminescent immunoassays. We performed a quantitative study of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV-DNA and HBV-DNA polymerase in over 733 sera obtained from 43 chronic hepatitis B carriers. Serum HBsAg levels detected by Architect HBsAg QT were found to be higher in HBeAg-positive than in anti-HBe-positive HBV chronic carriers and correlated with the level of serum HBV-DNA and HBV-DNA polymerase.
Despite the increased application of aseptic techniques for blood collection and the preparation of platelet concentrates, morbidity and mortality arising from the transfusion of bacterially contaminated allogeneic platelet products persist. This problem exists because stored platelet concentrates represent a nearly ideal growth medium for bacteria and because they are stored at temperatures (22 degrees +/- 2 degrees C) that facilitate bacterial growth. The presence of bacteria in blood components including platelets has been a problem for many decades and currently is the most common microbiological cause of transfusion-associated morbidity and mortality. A variety of strategies have been devised and/or proposed in an attempt to try to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated sepsis. These include pretransfusion bacterial detection, efforts to reduce the likelihood of bacterial contamination, the optimization of blood product processing and storage, reducing recipient exposure, and the introduction of pathogen inactivation methodology. With regard to doing bacterial detection, a number of automated detection systems have become available to test for contaminated platelet components, but their utility to some extent is restricted by the time they take to indicate the presence of bacteria and/or their lack of sensitivity to detect initially low bacterial loads. A variety of other approaches has been shown to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and include filtration to remove leukocytes and bacteria, diversion of the initial aliquot of blood during donation, and improved donor skin disinfection. Platelet pathogen inactivation methods under investigation include the addition of L-carnitine, gamma-irradiation, riboflavin plus UVA irradiation, and amotosalen HCl plus UVA irradiation. The latter process is licensed for clinical use with platelets in some countries in Europe. All of these approaches, either collectively or individually, hold considerable promise that the prevalence of adverse events associated with bacteria in platelet products will decline significantly in the very foreseeable future.