PubMed · 14020521
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T K CHEN. 1962. [Concerning bacteriophage typing].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14020521/
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In São Paulo State, Brazil, the epidemic increase in isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis has been observed since 1994. A total of 105 S. Enteritidis strains (72 from human and 33 from non-human sources) isolated during the period 1975-1995, previously characterized by phage typing, was analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profile, and ribotyping. Over 70% of the strains were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, however, multiple resistance to antimicrobials was observed among the studied strains, mainly those from hospitalized patients. Phage type 8 (PT-8) was predominant among the strains isolated during the period of 1975-1992, but in the following years, PT-4 was the most frequent phage type identified. Seven different plasmid profiles were detected and 96% of the isolates harbored a plasmid of approximately 36 MDa. Ribotyping discriminated fourteen ribotypes (R1 to R14) among the strains examined. By analysis of dendrogram the strains were included in three groups with similarity level of 60%. The obtained results indicate that, a single ribotype (R11), determined for PT-4 strains isolated from 1993, characterizes the epidemic clone of S. Enteritidis in our region.
The aim of this study was to optimize the epidemiological monitoring of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. From September to December 1998 47 S. aureus strains isolated from swabs taken from orthopaedic and trauma patients were in studied. Thirty-five isolates were sensitive to methicillin (MSSA) and 12 were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Ten of the 47 isolates could not be phage-typed using the international set of typing phages: five of these isolates were MSSA and five were MRSA. These MRSA isolates, which were also not typeable by the phages currently recommended for phage-typing MRSA, were lysed by locally isolated experimental phages 584 and 1814. Phage 1814 lysed the gentamicin-resistant MRSA and phage 584 acted on the gentamicin-sensitive MRSA. Both new phages were inactive against the methicillin-sensitive isolates. Cloning of certain isolates was confirmed by macrorestriction genomic profiles obtained by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis (PFGE). The results showed good discriminatory ability of antibiotic-resistance pattern phenotyping and phage-typing when the phages used were adapted to epidemic-associated MRSA strains.
FASTPlaqueTB (Biotec Laboratories Ltd., Ipswich, UK) is a rapid test which utilizes bacteriophage amplification technology for the detection of viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. We evaluated performance of the FASTPlaqueTB test by comparing with BACTEC 460 TB culture system (Becton Dickinson Co., Maryland, USA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and acid fast bacilli (AFB) smear methods. We investigated 192 sputum specimens collected from the patients suspected of having pulmonary TB by AFB smear, BACTEC 460 TB culture system, PCR and FASTPlaqueTB test. The sensitivity of AFB smear, PCR and FASTPlaqueTB test were 57.8%, 84.4% and 87.5% respectively when we accepted BACTEC 460 TB culture system as gold standard. We conclude that FASTPlaqueTB test has a good potential for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a result of the evaluation of these three tests by comparison to the BACTEC 460 TB culture system.