PubMed · 14002354
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H YAMAMURA, Y AOIKE, K TANAKA, N SHIMADA, T DENDA. 1963-05-01. [First aid].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14002354/
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The 'control banding' approach in COSHH Essentials combines the potential for harm with the potential for exposure by inhalation to band measures to control exposure at source, as generic strategies. These are simply adapted to specific tasks and circumstances to produce specific control advice. Where it is not possible or practical to use this control advice, the control bands can suggest adequate respiratory protective equipment using 'protection factors'. Proposals in the paper enable the user to identify the right level of respiratory protective equipment (RPE), and to begin selecting suitable RPE. Selection is made through a formatted questionnaire, enabling the user to give the right facts to the supplier. COSHH Essentials applies mainly to exposure by inhalation. However, skin exposure is very common and uptake via the skin can be an important contributor to body dose. This paper examines the factors concerning skin exposure, and the options for banding the potential for harm to the skin or via the skin. Proposals have then been made for dermal exposure control. Planning for emergencies is an important facet of risk control. Proposals are outlined to band chemical hazards for emergency planning according to a minimum of information, i.e. the danger symbol on a product label.
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During the combat the chief of medical service has to solve both the direct mission, i.e. to choose the most effective variant of organization of treatment-and-evacuation measures (TEM) and the indirect one, i.e. to define the needs of medical service in forces and resources according to the given model. To fulfill these missions the most effective method is the multi-criteria approach for practical realization of which the "successive steps" method was chosen. The main indicator of TEM effectiveness is the time from the wounding to the point of readiness for evacuation from the regimental aid station. The GPSS language of different dialects as the modelling environment is preferred on the basis of which two computerized imitative models were created: the model of TEM effectiveness in the company-battalion link and the model of regimental aid station work.