PubMed · 13972050
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W M POLS. 1962. Gas analysis.. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1962.tb00133.x
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BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have an increased risk of mortality and morbidity after open-heart surgery. This is mostly due to a dysfunction of the pulmonary system during and after non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. The purpose of this study was to compare the pulsatile and non-pulsatile blood flows during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIAL/METHODS: This is a prospective study. Ten patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had open-heart surgery with pulsatile flow, and another 9 patients with non-pulsatile flow. We compared clinical, hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological parameters and arterial and venous blood gases before initiating cardiopulmonary bypass, at aortic cross-clamping and de-clamping, and 1 and 24 hours postoperative. RESULTS: In the pulsatile flow group, systemic vascular resistance at the time of aortic cross clamping (p=0.041), pulmonary vascular resistance 1 hour postoperative (p=0.05), and the percentage of neutrophils 1 hour postoperative (p=0.034) were significantly lower than those of the non-pulsatile group. Though white blood cell count was significantly high in the pulsatile group 1 hour postoperative, absolute neutrophil count was significantly low (p=0.034). The postoperative mechanical ventilation period was significantly shorter in the pulsatile flow group (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Pulsatile blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass has a favorable influence on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who have high risk in open-heart surgery.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiring the filing of a premarket approval application (PMA) or a notice of completion of a product development protocol (PDP) for the following three class III preamendments devices: Indwelling blood oxyhemoglobin concentration analyzer, cardiopulmonary bypass pulsatile flow generator, and the ocular plethysmograph. The agency also is summarizing its proposed findings regarding the degree of risk of illness or injury designed to be eliminated or reduced by requiring the devices to meet the statute's approval requirements and the benefits to the public from the use of the devices. This action implements certain statutory requirements.
INTRODUCTION: We report the surgical results in patients with mild trigonocephaly and clinical symptoms. Since high intracranial pressure (ICP) was noted during surgery in our previous patient series, we began to record intraoperative ICP. The importance of treating mild trigonocephaly with clinical symptoms is stressed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six children (44 boys, 12 girls) in whom ICP was measured were diagnosed with mild trigonocephaly (nonsyndromic type) with symptoms such as language delay, hyperactivity, autistic tendencies, self-mutilation, motor delay, etc. Their ages ranged from 2 to 8 (mean 5.1) years. ICP was measured after a burr hole was made under endotracheal general anesthesia and a sensor was inserted in the right frontal lobe epidurally immediately in front of the right coronal suture. The first recordings were made at around 30 mmHg of PCO(2) as for neuroanesthesia, and the second were at around 40 mmHg of PCO(2) as during natural breathing. We also investigated which factors accounted for the improvement of clinical symptoms. RESULTS: The first ICP records at 29.1 mmHg of PCO(2) indicated a mean ICP of 13.3 mmHg. The second changed to a mean 38.2 mmHg of PCO(2) for an increased mean ICP of 19.8 mmHg. The pulse pressures were a mean 7.1 mmHg in the first recordings and 8.5 mmHg in the second. The mean ICP and pulse pressure were thus high in these children. Clinically, 30 out of 56 patients improved markedly and 22 improved slightly, while 4 did not exhibit any change. Factors contributing to improvement were younger age, relatively higher development quotient, marked digital impressions on skull X-rays, abnormal findings on SPECT, and moderate degree of trigonocephaly. CONCLUSION: Although our patients had mild trigonocephaly, their ICP and pulse pressure were high. Decompressive cranioplasty in cases of mild trigonocephaly is feasible.