PubMed · 13955899
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H HUSSLEIN, K BAUMGARTEN. 1962. [Deep amniotomy for labor induction].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13955899/
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OBJECTIVE: To quantify expression of progesterone receptor (PR) messenger RNA (mRNA) isoforms in fetal membranes, and to determine whether these levels change in culture. STUDY DESIGN: Placentas from women undergoing term cesarean delivery before labor were collected. Layers of amnion, chorion, and decidua were separated manually, enzymatically digested, and separated further with the use of a density gradient. RNA was extracted immediately and after culture for 48 hours, then analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for PR-A, PR-B, and beta-2 microglobulin mRNA expression. Separation of cell types was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PR isoform expression was identified in fetal membranes, with levels highest in decidua and below the limits of detection in amnion. The ratio of PR-A/PR-B mRNA was not significantly different between cell layers. PR mRNA isoform levels did not differ significantly in fresh versus cultured cells. CONCLUSION: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to quantitate expression of PR mRNA isoforms in cells of fetal membranes and to validate systems for further study of PR with respect to inflammation, infection, and preterm delivery.
A well-organized interplay between many molecular factors as well as mechanical forces influence fetal lung development. At the end of this complex process a sufficiently sized and structurally mature organ should ensure the postnatal survival of the newborn. Besides prenatal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now be used to investigate normal and pathological human lung growth in utero. Oligohydramnios, due to premature rupture of membranes (PROM), is an important risk factor for compromised fetal lung growth. In these situations MR volumetry can be used to measure the size of the fetal lung quite accurately. Together with the evaluation of lung signal intensities on T2-weighted sequences, fetuses with pulmonary hypoplasia can be readily detected.
OBJECTIVE: The study deals with the question about the real incidence of the intrauterine infection (IUI) after PROM; the correlation between the clinical manifestation of IUI and histological findings as well as its relationships with the incidence of the neonatal infections. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS AND PATIENTS: One hundred eighty two pregnant women with premature delivery and their newborn infants were included. Clinical and laboratory signs concerning the presence of IUI were followed. A histological study of the fetal membranes, cord and placenta was done classifying the inflammatory changes according to there severity. The newborn infants were observed for signs of neonatal infection. Juxtaposition between the clinical manifestation of the IUI and the morphological signs of inflammation in the fetal membranes, cord and placenta was done. RESULTS: In 114 women histological signs of IUI were found but clinical signs of IUI were observed in only 51 cases (44.7%), i.e. in the other 63 cases the infection ran subclinically. An incidence of 11.5% (21 cases) of neonatal infection after PROM was registered and in 20 of them there were histological signs of intrauterine infection (in 14 cases with umbilical cord involvement--66.7%). CONCLUSION: The cases with clinically manifested IUI do not reflect the real incidence of IUI--in about 34.5% of women with premature delivery infections run subclinically. There is a strong relationship between inflammatory changes in fetal membranes, cord and placenta and the neonatal infections. Among cases with severe inflammation (with fetal cord involvement) about one third of the newborn infants develop neonatal infections.