PubMed · 1389401
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K J Ingels, K Graamans, E H Huizing. 1992. Ciliary beat harmony another parameter for ciliary function.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1389401/
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Cilia and flagella are microtubule-based organelles that generate force and sense the extracellular environment. In humans, these structures are essential for development, homeostasis, and reproduction, with defects contributing to a wide array of congenital and degenerative disorders. As cilia were present on the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes, research on cilia across model organisms holds significant relevance for understanding human disease. The green alga Chlamydomonas, which diverged from the human lineage with the animal-plant split, shares striking similarities in ciliary structure and function with humans. Two decades ago, our group published the proteome of the Chlamydomonas cilium, identifying hundreds of new ciliary proteins that were organized in an online database. Since then, advances have brought us a more comprehensive understanding of both Chlamydomonas and mammalian cilia. Our database, www.Cilia.Pro, has been continually updated to integrate proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic data from Chlamydomonas and Caenorhabditis along with humans, and other vertebrates providing a valuable tool for the ciliary research community.
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One nontypeable laboratory strain and five nontypeable clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from sputum were investigated. Bacteria replicated from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml over 24 h in an organ culture of human respiratory mucosa with only the intact mucosal surface exposed. By transmission electron microscopy, bacteria were not seen in association with normal respiratory epithelium, even after incubation for 24 h. H. influenzae infection caused patchy and occasionally confluent damage to epithelium, and the bacteria associated only with structurally damaged cells. Scanning electron microscopy revealed increased mucus, and slowed ciliary beat frequency was measured by photometry. Fimbriation of H. influenzae increased buccal cell adherence but did not facilitate association with normal or damaged respiratory epithelium or increase epithelial damage, indicating that adhesins other than fimbriae are present. Interactions with mucus, cilia, and epithelium are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae respiratory infections.