PubMed · 13863265
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W AUGUSTINITZ. 1961-12-02. [Tuberculosis - psyche - forced confinement].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13863265/
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A confession, when properly and fairly obtained, is powerful evidence against a suspect and will generally guarantee a conviction. There are a number of theoretical models that explain why suspects confess to crimes they have committed. In this chapter, the key models and the relevant empirical evidence are discussed. The evidence shows that sex offenders, and particularly child molesters, sometimes have a strong need to talk about their crimes due to the feelings of guilt and this gives the police an advantage. However, sex offenders also find it difficult to be open, honest and complete when interrogated due to the feelings of shame, which act to inhibit their motivation to confess. They are therefore torn between feelings of guilt, which encourages them to confess, and feelings of shame, which inhibit them from confessing. As a consequence, feelings of shame need to be overcome during the interrogation, which means that sex offenders need to be interviewed sensitively and skillfully. Any challenges need to be presented in a 'softly' fashion and with understanding of the perpetrator's perspective and emotional needs.
Clinical predictions of violence are a necessary part of clinical practice despite extensive literature validating the use of actuarial rather than clinical prediction. The current study examined clinicians' use of risk cues in predictions of violence. Clinicians identified several risk cues as significant in clinical assessments of risk, including a history of assaults, hostility, medication noncompliance, paranoid delusions, presence of psychosis, and family problems. However, further results indicated that clinician-endorsed risk cues lack predictive power in the present sample.
OBJECTIVE: Several studies have found a relationship between severe mental disorders and violence. One of the approaches to study this theme are investigations with homicide offenders. The aim of the present article was to investigate the association between homicide and mental disorders. METHOD: A review of the literature was made through the following databases: Medline, Scientific Eletronic Library Online and Lilacs. In the Medline system, it was also searched the related articles section. RESULTS: Although there is an association between mental disorders and homicide, it is not clear why some patients behave violently and others do not. Comorbid alcohol/drugs disorders and personality disorders and lack of adherence to treatment may increase this risk. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying people with risk of violence and offering them mental health treatment services is warranted. These services should prevent the loss of contact and non-compliance with treatment that frequently precede homicide committed by people with severe mental disorders. It is of utmost importance that society and governmental authorities decrease the barriers that limit access to psychiatric and psychosocial treatment.