PubMed · 13754007
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W KRASNIK. 1960. [Clearance test].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13754007/
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Atherothrombosis, defined as atherosclerotic lesion disruption with superimposed thrombus formation, is the major cause of acute coronary syndromes and cardiovascular deaths. It is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Plaque composition, rather than luminal stenosis, is recognized as the major determinant of this disease. Since tissue factor is found within atheroma and also in the bloodstream of atherosclerotic patients, it likely plays a key role in determining both plaque and blood thrombogenicity. Ongoing clinical and preclinical studies are evaluating the therapeutic possibilities of specific inhibition of the tissue factor pathway. Here, we will review the role of tissue factor in atherothrombosis.
It has been suggested that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determined the anti-atherogenic effects of egg yolk-enriched garlic powder (EGP), which has been used as a traditional health-promoting food in southern Japan since ancient times, on LDL oxidation and oxidant stress-induced cell injury models. We confirmed that EGP inhibits copper-induced LDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed that pretreatment of EGP significantly suppressed the production of peroxides in HL60 cells and protected endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell injury. These findings might, in part, be ascribed to the biodistribution of garlic compounds and egg yolk interaction, and suggest that EGP might be useful in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Hyperinsulinemia is a marker of insulin resistance, a correlate of the metabolic syndrome, and an established precursor of type 2 diabetes. This US study investigated the role of risk factors associated with hyperinsulinemia in cross-sectional studies in progression to incident hyperinsulinemia. Nondiabetic participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (n = 9,020) were followed from 1987 to 1998 for the development of hyperinsulinemia (fasting serum insulin > or = 90th percentile, 19.1 micro U/ml). After adjustment for demographic characteristics, all risk factors simultaneously, and baseline insulin value, the risk of progressing to hyperinsulinemia increased per standard deviation increase in baseline uric acid (odds ratio (OR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 1.4; per 1.4 mg/dl) and waist/hip ratio (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5; per 0.08) and was inversely associated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9; per 0.4 mmol/liter). Starting to smoke (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.0) and becoming obese (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.1) during the study were also associated with increased risk. The associations were similar across race and gender groups. These data suggest that, in addition to weight gain, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia, and smoking can be detected prior to development of hyperinsulinemia.