PubMed · 13538445
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A LOPEZ BORRASCA. 1958. [Autonomic optic reflex].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13538445/
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OBJECTIVE: This article is a systematic review of the literature examining the anatomical and visual function outcomes after scleral buckle and/or vitrectomy for Stage 4 or 5 retinopathy of prematurity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature published between 1994 through May 2003 was reviewed via a computer search accessing MEDLINE via OVID. Eight applicable studies were retrieved and analyzed. The study designs were descriptive, retrospective, non-comparative, consecutive case series. RESULTS: The postoperative anatomical outcomes varied dramatically between studies with retinal reattachment rates of 0.8% to 90%. Surgeries that achieved a 50% or higher rate of reattachment occurred primarily between 2 and 9 months of age. Surgeries that occurred between 7 and 11 months of age achieved a lower percentage of retinal reattachment. Further, the longer the duration of follow-up, the lower the percentage of retinas that remained attached. Most importantly, at least in these reports, the degree of retinal reattachment did not correlate well with the level of visual function. One report demonstrated no statistical correlation between visual and anatomical success. Poor visual outcomes were noted in both timely and delayed cases of surgical reattachment of the retina. Many of the reports described challenges in accurately measuring low levels of vision.
In the adult organism, all tissue renewal and regeneration depends ultimately on somatic stem cells, and the eye is no exception. The importance of limbal stem cells in the maintenance of the corneal epithelium has long been recognised, and such cells are now used clinically for repair of a severely damaged cornea. The slow cycling nature of lens epithelial cells and their ability to terminally differentiate into fiber cells are suggestive of a stem cell lineage. Furthermore, recent studies have identified progenitor cells in the retina and ocular vasculature which may have important implications in health and disease. Although the recent literature has become flooded with articles discussing aspects of stem cells in a variety of tissues our understanding of stem cell biology, especially in the eye, remains limited. For instance, there is no definitive marker for ocular stem cells despite a number of claims in the literature, the patterns of stem cell growth and amplification are poorly understood and the microenvironments important for stem cell regulation and differentiation pathways are only now being elucidated. A greater understanding of ocular stem cell biology is essential if the clinical potential for stem cells is to be realised. For instance; How do we treat stem cell deficiencies? How do we use stem cells to regenerate damaged retinal tissue? How do we prevent stem cell lineages contributing to retinal vascular disease? This review will briefly consider the principal stem cells in the mature eye but will focus in depth on limbal stem cells and corneal epithelium. It will further discuss their role in pathology and their potential for therapeutic intervention.
PURPOSE: To determine whether patients can guess their intraocular pressure (IOP). DESIGN: Patient survey. METHODS: We asked consecutive patients to guess their IOP and then indicate the IOP and the symptoms that allowed them to guess. RESULTS: Of 132 patients, 22 (17%) believed they could guess their IOP, usually based on a periocular symptom (n = 20, 91%). Nine of these patients (45%) correctly identified whether they were below or above the pressure indicated by the symptom. In two patients who required no symptoms to guess and in nine whose IOP was above their symptom threshold, the mean difference of the guessed IOP from the actual IOP did not differ (+/- 3.3 mm Hg) from that of control patients (+/- 2.1 mm Hg, n = 50; r =.19). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who believe they can guess their IOP appear as often inaccurate as accurate in assessing their IOP related to a symptom threshold and as accurate as patients who claim they cannot guess their IOP.