PubMed · 13316208
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1956-06-30. DOWN the drain.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13316208/
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We have examined the concentrations and distributions of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) surfactants and their primary neutral metabolites in two dated sediment cores collected in 1988 and 1996 from a depositional area proximal to a wastewater treatment plant within Jamaica Bay, NY. Total NPEO concentrations ranged from >50 microg/g near the surface (4-6 cm, deposited ca. 1990) to below detection limits (<0.1 microg/g) at 50 cm depth (deposited ca. 1940). The general decrease in NPEO concentrations with increasing depth in sediment reflected increased commercial use of these compounds over the last 50 yr. NPEO ethoxymer distributions in recent sediments were dominated by NP(0-3)EO, consistent with the increased relative input of these particular ethoxymers to the estuary following the upgrade of local biological sewage treatment processes to full activated sludge in the late 1970s. NPEO ethoxymer profiles in deeper sediments were characterized by relatively higher proportions of unmetabolized, highly ethoxylated NPEOs. Depth profiles of NP1EO and NP in the upper portion of the sediment core showed evidence for in situ diagenetic conversion of NP1EO to NP. However, comparison of NPEO concentrations in selected strata from the core collected in 1996 with those in matched strata from a core collected from the same location in 1988 provided no evidence for in situ degradation of total NPEOs during the elapsed 8 yr between collection dates.
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids. It plays a central role in the production of surfactant in fetal lungs, in the supply of fatty components of milk, and in the conversion and storage of energy in liver and adipose tissue. Remarkably high levels of FAS expression are found in the majority of human epithelial cancers. As the role of FAS in cancer cells remains largely unknown, we have initiated studies to assess the fate of newly synthesized lipids in cancer cells and have estimated the contribution of FAS to the synthesis of specific lipid classes by treating the cells with small interfering RNAs targeting FAS. Here, we show that in cancer cells FAS plays a major role in the synthesis of phospholipids partitioning into detergent-resistant membrane microdomains. These are raft-aggregates implicated in key cellular processes including signal transduction, intracellular trafficking, cell polarization, and cell migration. These findings reveal a novel role for FAS, provide important new insights into the otherwise poorly understood mechanisms underlying the control of lipid composition of membrane microdomains, and point to a link between FAS overexpression and dysregulation of membrane composition and functioning in tumor cells.
5,15-di(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,20-di(hexadecyloxyphenyl) porphyrin P was solubilized in nonionic polyoxyethylene(9.5) octylphenol (Triton X-100 or TX-100) micelle solutions. By means of analyzing the UV-visible and fluorescence spectra of the synthesized amphiphilic porphyrin P in different solvent environments, and the relationship between the solubilizing location of the porphyrins in TX-100 micelle and the microenvironment polarity, P is shown to involve in a transfer process for the porphyrin moiety from inner to the outer surface of TX-100 micelle as the pH is increased. The kinetic study of porphyrin incorporate with Cu(II) shows that metalation rate of porphyrin increases with the pH increasing, indicating that metalation rate could be controlled by changing pH.