PubMed · 13291333
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R GRELLAND. 1955-11-01. [Parotitis virus antigen in complement fixation test].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13291333/
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The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) modulates viral and cellular gene expression, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), a growth factor for KSHV-associated diseases. LANA-driven IL-6 expression is dependent on the activator protein 1 (AP1) response element (RE) within the IL-6 promoter. We show that LANA activates the AP1 RE in a Jun-dependent fashion and that LANA enhances the transcriptional activity of a GAL4-Jun fusion protein. Coimmunoprecipitation studies documented a physical interaction between LANA and c-Jun in transiently transfected 293 cells as well as the KSHV-infected BCBL-1 primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell line. Taken together, these data indicate that LANA is a transcriptional coactivator of c-Jun. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that LANA induces binding of a c-Jun-Fos heterodimer to the AP1 RE, but does not itself bind to the AP1 RE. RNA interference experiments confirmed that LANA activates the AP1 RE, stimulates binding of a c-Jun-Fos heterodimer to the AP1 RE, and induces expression of IL-6. These data indicate that LANA is a transcriptional coactivator of c-Jun, a function that may have implications for the pathogenesis of KSHV-associated diseases.
To characterize the effect of the envelope fragment fusion site in the P64k protein from Neisseria meningitidis several chimeric constructs were obtained. One variant consisted in the insertion of the E fragment from each Dengue serotype within the lipoil binding domain of the P64k, whereas the other was based on the fusion of the envelope fragment at the C-terminus of the same meningoccocal protein. The results of the expression study revealed the majoritary levels with the C-terminus fusion variants of each serotype. In contrast, the highest proportion of soluble protein was reached with the insertion variants independently of the viral serotype. On the other hand, a significant level of degradation was detected for the semipurified forms of the insertion variants being remarkable in the Dengue 2 construct. Finally, the recognition by Dengue murine antibodies was similar independently of the fusion site. Regarding these results, we can affirm the suitability of the C-terminus fusion variants for further vaccine development as well as for a diagnostic system.
BACKGROUND: In patients with acute liver failure (ALF) of unknown cause, viral infections are believed to be involved. This study investigates the involvement of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). METHODS: Thirty-two patients with ALF who underwent transplantations during a 6-year period were studied for viruses in biopsies from their explanted livers. Non-A to non-E hepatitis (unknown) ALF was the reason for transplantation in 15 patients, and another 17 patients with a known disease from the same time period served as controls. The explanted livers were examined for hepatitis viruses and other possible viral agents. HHV-6 antigens were demonstrated in the livers and blood mononuclear cells by immunoperoxidase staining. RESULTS: Of the 15 patients with ALF of unknown cause, 12 (80%) demonstrated HHV-6 antigens in the liver. Most of these patients (10/12) also demonstrated HHV-6 antigenemia. The predominant histologic finding of HHV-6 infection was moderate to severe portal lymphocytic infiltration. HHV-6 was found in 4 of 17 control patients, and cytomegalovirus was found in 2 of 17 control patients (in the blood and explanted liver). No other viruses were found in the livers of the patients with ALF. CONCLUSIONS: HHV-6 was found in most explanted livers of patients with ALF of unknown cause. HHV-6 antigenemia was associated with HHV-6 antigens in the liver. Only a few control patients displayed HHV-6 in the liver. These observations indicate that HHV-6 may be one of the causes of ALF.