PubMed · 13147068
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O CERNOCH, M M KOPECKY. [Induction barography in explosive decompression].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13147068/
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BACKGROUND: Many occupational diving groups have substantially different diving patterns to those for which decompression schedules are validated. AIMS: To evaluate tuna farm occupational diving practice against existing decompression models and describe a method for collecting and modelling self reported field decompression data. METHODS: Machine readable objective depth/time profiles were obtained from depth/time recorders worn by tuna farm occupational divers. Divers' health status was measured at the end of each working day using a self administered health survey that produces an interval diver health score (DHS) with possible values ranging from 0 to 30. Depth/time profiles were analysed according to existing decompression models. The contribution of diving exposure and between diver variability to DHS was evaluated using linear regression. RESULTS: The mean risk of decompression sickness was calculated as 0.005 (SD 0.003, n = 383). The mean DHS following diving was 3 (SD 2, n = 383) and following non-diving activities was 1 (SD 1, n = 41). After accounting for between diver variability in intercept, DHS was found to increase one unit for every 1% increase in the risk of decompression sickness. CONCLUSIONS: A method has been established for the collection and analysis of self reported objective decompression data from occupational diving groups that can potentially be used as the basis for development of purpose designed occupational diving decompression schedules.
The basic problem in decompression is the limit of maximum tolerable change of pressure after diving. Due to the number of parameters involved in decompression models (bottom time, ambient pressure, exposition profile, content of breathing mixtures, properties of inert gases) the number of possible solutions is theoretically unlimited. Since the beginning of modern decompression models the starting point has been direct saturation decompression using air. The generally accepted form of solution is the linear relation between tolerable pressure P2 after saturation exposition to pressure P1 described by the equation in the form P1 = P2 x A + B, where A and B are parameters obtained by experiments. Since the introduction of this equation values of parameters have been changing in order to decrease the rate of decompression illness. The aim of this study was to analyse and interpret the trend of those changes. Sixteen published models, including the one developed in our center, were compared and gradual change of parameters was identified. This trend should result in safer decompression systems.
Since the early 1960s all Royal Navy submarines have been fitted with an escape system comprising a single escape tower (SET) and submarine escape immersion suit (SEIS). This system enables escape from a submarine at a depth of 180 metres (1.9 MPa) provided that the submarine compartment is at a pressure of no greater than 1 bar (0.1 MPa). Due to a variety of causes which may include flooding and leakage of high pressure air systems it is the highly probable that the submarine compartment will be at a pressure in excess of 1 bar (0.1 MPa) at the time of the escape. To investigate and determine what constitutes a 'safe' maximum escape depth from any given compartment pressure (the safe to escape curve), a purpose built chamber complex, the Submarine Escape Simulator (SES) has been constructed at the QinetiQ, formerly the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA), Alverstoke site. Unlike escapes from a submarine where once released from the submarine the escapee's ascent can not be halted, within the SES it is possible to halt the ascent phase. This article describes the systems and procedures developed to enable medical support to be provided rapidly to a subject at any stage of the compression decompression profile. The article also provides details of the results to date that have been obtained from this work.