PubMed · 13077404
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T C TERRELL. 1953. Looking back.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13077404/
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Although exact information on the distribution of reliable perforators has not been published, its underlying reproducible pattern may be experienced with clinical trials. The LD perforator flap is a typical example of thin perforator flap and it can be used widely as a resurfacing tool or reconstructive modality with various composition. Through clinical experience it was validated that a single reliable perforator is sufficient for perfusion of the entire flap. Finally, the perforator concept gives the surgeon the freedom to select, tailor, or compose the flap independently from the limited indications of the conventional flaps, according to the donor or pedicle problems. With increasing use of the perforator flap, the conventional flap can be expanded to its ultimate potential with more reliability.
BACKGROUND: Nursing is physically demanding, and nurses have higher rates of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) than most other occupational groups. The physical demands of nursing may lead some nurses to leave the profession, contributing to the shortage of registered nurses in many workplaces that is a major concern today. As a first step toward reducing MSDs and their consequences, this study was designed to examine the relationship between perceived physical demands and reported neck, shoulder, and back MSDs in nurses. METHODS: Data were collected anonymously from 1163 randomly selected working nurses (74% response rate) using a cross-sectional survey. The 12-item survey scale (internal reliability coefficient=0.89), rated perceived physical demands such as force, awkward postures, and heavy lifting. Nurses with a presumed MSD case reported relevant past-year symptoms in the neck, shoulder, and/or back lasting >or=1 weeks, or at least monthly, with moderate or more pain, on average. RESULTS: Moderate and high perceived physical demands were significantly associated with reported neck, shoulder, and back MSD cases, even after adjustments for demographic and lifestyle-related covariates. Adjusted odds ratios for highly demanding work (vs low) ranged from 4.98 to 6.13 depending on body site. When analyses were restricted to staff nurses only, the odds ranged from 9.05 to 11.99. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived physical demands are associated with reported MSD in registered nurses, and the association is stronger in staff nurses.