PubMed · 12904662
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Allison F Gillaspy. 2003. Sequencing using fluorescent-labeled nucleotides.. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-409-3%3A195
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Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is widely used to manipulate herpesvirus genome and generate recombinant virus. Here, we developed a new KSHV BACmid, namely as iBAC, by replacing the EGFP with TET3G transactivator under EF1α promoter and inserted Tet response elements in the promoter of RTA in the original KSHV BAC16 clone and characterized KSHV lytic replication in SLK-iBAC cells. SLK-iBAC cells developed more efficient lytic replication and generated more progeny virus than iSLK-BAC16 cells upon the same conditions of doxycycline treatment. Since SLK-iBAC cells only occupied hygromycin selection marker, it is convenient to generate cellular gene knockout via lentivirus-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 or stably express viral or cellular gene via lentivirus followed by antibiotic selection, making iBAC system a better tool to identify cellular targets of viral proteins in the context of virus infection or study the role of viral or cellular genes for KSHV lytic replication and pathogenesis. In addition, iBAC is color-free and can be utilized to track subcellular localization of viral proteins or colocalization between different viral proteins by introducing fusing fluorescent proteins into the BAC backbone. Therefore, the new KSHV iBAC is a powerful inducible tool to study KSHV lytic replication and pathogenesis in cell model.
This study discusses three software tools, the first two aid in integrating sequence with an FPC physical map and the third automatically selects a minimal tiling path given genomic draft sequence and BAC end sequences. The first tool, FSD (FPC Simulated Digest), takes a sequenced clone and adds it back to the map based on a fingerprint generated by an in silico digest of the clone. This allows verification of sequenced clone positions and the integration of sequenced clones that were not originally part of the FPC map. The second tool, BSS (Blast Some Sequence), takes a query sequence and positions it on the map based on sequence associated with the clones in the map. BSS has multiple uses as follows: (1) When the query is a file of marker sequences, they can be added as electronic markers. (2) When the query is draft sequence, the results of BSS can be used to close gaps in a sequenced clone or the physical map. (3) When the query is a sequenced clone and the target is BAC end sequences, one may select the next clone for sequencing using both sequence comparison results and map location. (4) When the query is whole-genome draft sequence and the target is BAC end sequences, the results can be used to select many clones for a minimal tiling path at once. The third tool, pickMTP, automates the majority of this last usage of BSS. Results are presented using the rice FPC map, BAC end sequences, and whole-genome shotgun from Syngenta.
The bacteriophage lambda recombination system has proven to be a valuable tool for engineering bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC). Due to its high efficiency, subtle alterations in the BACs can be generated using oligonucleotides as targeting vectors. Since no selection marker is used, recombinant clones are identified utilizing a selective PCR screening method. However, occasionally the selective PCR screening is not feasible. We describe here a two-step 'hit and fix' method that can be reliably used for generating any subtle alteration in BACs using short denatured PCR fragments as targeting vectors. In the first step of this method, 6-20 nucleotides are changed around the base where the mutation has to be generated. In the second step, these altered nucleotides are reverted to the original sequence and simultaneously a subtle alteration is introduced. Since in each step several nucleotides are changed, PCR primers specific for such alterations can be designed. This two-step method provides a simple and efficient tool for generating subtle alterations in BACs that can be very valuable for functional analysis of genes.