PubMed · 12728746
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Emmanuel Stip. 2003. [Memory is a faculty that does not remember].. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370304800310
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This paper argues that Frith's (1992) account of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia in terms of a disruption of metarepresentational self-monitoring is inadequate in several specific ways. More generally, this paper argues against top-down explanations for the loss of the sense of agency in such symptoms. In addition, even if delusions of control might be explained by problems involved in motor control mechanisms involving efference copy and comparators, there are good reasons why the same model cannot explain thought insertion. In place of such neurocognitive explanations, the author develops a neurophenomenological explanation for the loss of the sense of agency and the misattribution of actions and thoughts to others in such symptoms.
Previous studies have suggested reversibility of minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis after liver transplantation (LT), however, this topic is controversially discussed. We investigated this issue in a prospective study on liver cirrhotic patients listed for LT. Patients were investigated before and after liver transplantation (on average 21 months later) using a neuropsychological test battery which measured visuo-constructive and visuo-motor ability, verbal fluency, and memory function. To assess visuo-motor and visuo-constructive functions, we performed 4 tests: Rey Complex Figure Test copy, trail making tests A and B, and digital symbol test. The average percentile score of the tests, arbitrarily named the visuo-motor and visuo-constructive performance score (VMCP), was calculated. After LT, the patients did not demonstrate a significant increase of VMCP (P =.29) and additionally showed significantly lower VMCP score (P =.041) compared to control group. Analysis of individual responses showed that only 7 of 14 patients improved their VMCP values after LT. These data indicate that the cirrhosis-associated visuo-motor deficits subside or disappear only in some of the patients after LT, whereas a significant number of patients show no improvement of the visuo-motor and visuo-constructive function. We concluded that monitoring of cognitive and visuo-motor functioning is important for the post-transplant rehabilitation of patients with liver cirrhosis.
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