PubMed · 1254891
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1976. Prednisolone.. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-0465(16)33514-5
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The measurement of diffusive gels in thin films (DGT) has recently been developed to assess metal bioavailability in soils. The DGT-method is based on diffusion in a porous matrix. To test the predictive capabilities of the method with regard to metal bioavailability, a study was set up with 28 soils having a variety of textures and amounts of zinc salts added. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to compare DGT-extracted zinc levels to zinc concentrations obtained by extraction with 0.01 M CaCl(2) and 0.43 M HNO(3), digestion with aqua regia and the zinc concentration in pore water. The amount of zinc extracted with CaCl(2) correlated well with DGT-extracted zinc levels in all soils spiked with different amounts of ZnCl(2). A similar correlation was not found for zinc concentrations in soil samples collected in the field. Experiments were performed to compare zinc content in organisms and in soils. The organisms tested were plants (grass, lettuce and lupine) and the hard bodied soil dwelling isopod Oniscus asellus. Good correlations were found between zinc accumulation in grass and lettuce and the C(E) (effective concentration) measured by a DGT-device, CaCl(2) extracted zinc and the zinc content in the pore water of all soils. The correlation with C(E) was not significant for lupine, neither for spiked soils, nor for field soils (p< or =0.001). Zinc levels in the isopods were not significantly related to any set of zinc measurements. From a synthesis of all results obtained it is concluded that the DGT-methodology does not have an additional value in predicting bioavailability of zinc in terrestrial ecosystems as compared to conventional extraction methods.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce practices for improving complementary feeding and evaluate their adoption and association with improved dietary intakes. DESIGN: A quasiexperimental pilot study comparing dietary intakes from complementary foods among three intervention communities and one control community before and after the intervention, and adoption of new complementary feeding practices among intervention communities following the intervention. SETTING: Rural subsistence communities in southern Malawi, Central Africa. SUBJECTS: Mothers and their children aged 6 to 23 months receiving complementary foods. INTERVENTIONS: A participatory, nutrition education intervention based on four locally adapted lessons for complementary feeding practices designed to increase: (i) total complementary food intake; (ii) energy and nutrient density of the complementary diet, and; (iii) iron and zinc bioavailability of the complementary diet. RESULTS: Adoption rates for the four practices ranged from 25% for preparation of enriched porridges, to 10% for preparing soaked, pounded maize. The amount of complementary foods (g/day) and intakes of energy, animal protein, niacin, riboflavin, calcium, iron, and zinc, but not vitamin A, were significantly greater (P<0.05) in the intervention compared to control group, as were the energy, iron, and riboflavin density, and the estimated amount of bioavailable iron and zinc. CONCLUSIONS: Several intervention practices were well accepted and adopted and were associated with improved adequacy of energy and nutrient intakes from the complementary diet. Such improvements were attributed mainly to greater total intakes and, to a lesser extent, enhanced dietary quality of the complementary foods.