PubMed · 1234527
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W O Taylor. 1975. Constructing your own PIC test.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1234527/
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BACKGROUND: The quantitative capability of the visual system can be tested using graphic presentations with defined size, form and colour. For presentations a chart projector or personal computer (PC) can be used. In the meantime the number of visual function tests on the internet is continually increasing. These tests are potentially available for over 400 million internet users with different hard- and software requirements. METHODS: From 38 on-line visual acuity tests and 19 on-line colour vision tests found by means of search engines on german language web pages, the offerer of the test, the type of chart used and the data for the test conditions, as well as hard- and software adjustment were registered. RESULTS. Various visual function tests, such as visual acuity tests, the Amsler grid, stereo and colour vision tests, can already be planned via internet. The variability of the tests ranges from a simple presentation of graphic elements to a laboriously programmed interactive input by the user to specify the test result. Most of the tests are presented by opticians and the optical industry. DISCUSSION: The analysed tests allow for a considerable variability of the test conditions, for example by missing data concerning the room lighting and lacking monitor calibration. Furthermore, problems of the web-based colour presentation were not considered or not considered sufficiently in most of the on-line colour tests. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the test deficits determined, the results of visual function tests on the internet are to be classified as doubtful. At present, most data of test offerers are not sufficient with respect to the test conditions. Standards should be defined for internet-based visual function tests and further studies should be followed to check the effectiveness of these tests for screening examinations.
The paper presents a summary of the literature published until December 2000 on effects from some industrial chemical exposures on color perception, as well as short descriptions of the tests applied. Several different tests have been used to study acquired alterations of color vision. These changes are frequently found in the blue-yellow axis. Many of the tests were originally designed to detect congenital alterations in the red-green axis, and thus have relatively low sensitivity when studying chemically induced deficits in color perception. At present, the Lanthony D15-desaturated panel seems most suitable for application in industrial settings, since it is clearly the most sensitive and easily administered test. Color vision seems to be a physiological function very sensitive to several chemicals. The potency of industrial chemicals to induce color vision deficiencies has often been investigated during the last two decades. The chemicals most frequently studied are different solvents and mercury. Pronounced effects on color perception have been reported following chronic exposure to organic solvents such as styrene, carbon disulphide, perchloroethylene, n-hexane and solvent mixtures, and to organic as well as inorganic mercury. The effect of occupational toluene exposure seems not as well established, since only slight effects and several negative studies have been reported. For some of these compounds the effect on color vision has been further established through the finding of clear dose-effect relationships. In a few cases, even acute exposure situations, e.g. exposure to toluene for a few hours or acute alcohol intake, seem to affect color perception. Follow-up studies are needed to investigate the possible reversibility of effects in relation to discontinued or reduced exposures.
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