Search PubMed⌕ Search

PubMed · 12224433

[Basic sciences and urology].

Abstract

Opinion article offering an up-to-date view and evolutionary prediction of the tremendous impact of the gradual but real permeation of the Basic Sciences into the field of Urology. The significance of the transition from anatomy/knowledge/surgical-technique to pathophysiological knowledge/basic-science/medical therapy is emphasised. These criteria provide food for thought in many areas of urology including vesico-prostatic function, erectile dysfunction and, more comprehensively, uro-oncology.

Explore related subjects

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Antonio Gelabert Mas. [Basic sciences and urology].. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0210-4806(02)72818-0

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related citations

Histogenesis of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach: molecular evidence of identical origin with coexistent tubular adenocarcinoma.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a highly malignant neoplasm. Most gastric hepatoid adenocarcinomas coexist with tubular adenocarcinoma. However, the relationship between hepatoid adenocarcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma is still unclear. In the present study, the characteristics of the coexistent tubular adenocarcinomas were determined by examining their profiles of mucin production. Subsequently, molecular pathological techniques were applied to determine the clonality of 15 mixed hepatoid and tubular adenocarcinomas of the stomach. Mucin analysis suggested that the coexistent tubular adenocarcinomas with hepatoid adenocarcinoma were of the intestinal type. The patterns of chromosome X inactivation were identical between the hepatoid adenocarcinoma component and tubular adenocarcinoma component in all of 3 informative female cases. Mutations in the p53 gene were found in 5 cases. The sequences were identical within both tumor components in all 5 cases. Microsatellite analysis indicated more than 3 common patterns of loss of heterozygosity in 8 cases. These observations strongly suggested that hepatoid adenocarcinomas were of identical origin to coexistent tubular adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Increased in situ gelatinolytic activity in renal cell tumor tissues correlates with tumor size, grade and vessel invasion.

Degradation of collagen, or gelatinolysis, by tumor cells is one of the most important events in tumorigenesis. We investigate the possible relationship between the in situ gelatinolytic activities exerted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and clinico-pathological factors in renal cell tumor (RCT) patients. Using the film in situ zymography (FIZ) method, we determined in situ localization of MMP-like gelatinolytic activities in cancerous and normal tissues in the kidney (n = 51). To clarify the MMP(s) responsible for the gelatinolytic activity in RCTs, we examined the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the kidney tissues by means of gelatin zymography (GZG). MMP expression was also detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. We then investigated the associations of MMP expression, as detected by GZG, with the intensity of gelatinolytic activity, as determined by FIZ. We analyzed the possible relationship of FIZ findings to several clinico-pathological factors such as tumor size, grade, vessel invasion, histologic type, stage and metastasis. FIZ demonstrated that all tumor and normal kidney tissues showed in situ gelatinase activities, and that gelatinolytic activities in RCTs were much stronger than those of normal kidney tissues. There was a statistically significant correlation between the intensity of MMP-like gelatinolytic activity and tumor size, tumor grade and vessel invasion (p < 0.05), but not between it and histological type, tumor stage or metastatic status. FIZ showed that tumor tissues in 5 of the 6 patients with fatal outcome exhibited the intense gelatinolytic pattern. Stronger in situ gelatinolytic patterns were documented in cases with higher MMP-2 expression. The molecular species of MMPs detected by GZG were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. The FIZ technique enables a direct assessment of in situ gelatinolytic activity in RCT tissues. The intensity of the activity seems to affect the biology of RCT tissues. Our results also indicate a major role for MMP-2 in in situ gelatinolysis in RCT tissues.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Stage at diagnosis is a key explanation of differences in breast cancer survival across Europe.

We used multiple regression models to assess the influence of disease stage at diagnosis on the 5-year relative survival of 4,478 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in 1990-1992. The cases were representative samples from 17 population-based cancer registries in 6 European countries (Estonia, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain and UK) that were combined into 9 regional groups based on similar survival. Five-year relative survival was 79% overall, varying from 98% for early, node-negative (T1N0M0) tumours; 87% for large, node-negative (T2-3N0M0) tumours; 76% for node-positive (T1-3N+M0) tumours and 55% for locally advanced (T4NxM0) tumours to 18% for metastatic (M1) tumours and 69% for tumours of unspecified stage. There was considerable variation across Europe in relative survival within each disease stage, but this was least marked for early node-negative tumours. Overall 5-year relative survival was highest in the French group of Bas-Rhin, Côte d'Or, Hérault and Isère (86%), and lowest in Estonia (66%). These geographic groups were characterised by the highest and lowest percentages of women with early stage disease (T1N0M0: 39% and 9%, respectively). The French, Dutch and Italian groups had the highest percentage of operated cases. The number of axillary nodes examined, a factor influencing nodal status, was highest in Italy and Spain. After adjusting for TNM stage and the number of nodes examined, survival differences were greatly reduced, indicating that for these women, diagnosed with breast cancer in Europe during 1990-1992, the survival differences were mainly due to differences in stage at diagnosis. However, in 3 regional groups, the relative risks of death remained high even after these adjustments, suggesting less than optimal treatment. Screening for breast cancer did not seem to affect the survival patterns once stage had been taken into account.

Adenocarcinoma↗