PubMed · 11894075
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Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini. 2002-03-14. Grammar: the barest essentials.. https://doi.org/10.1038/416129a
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The well-known psychoactive drug widely used in the daily clinical praxis, the piracetam has many therapeutical indications. The drug is extensively applied in the therapy of ischaemic stroke, aphasy as well as of dementias of several origins and age-depending cognitive disturbances. One of the most important effect of piracetam is the positive effect to the cognitive functions. In this publication the author reviews the most important studies, where significant effects of piracetam (chronic or single-dose treatment) were verified by means of electrophysiological methods. These studies proved objectively the positive psychoactive and cognitive effects of the drug, supporting the therapeutical indication of piracetam in such cases, where cognitive deficits are present.
Classical views on the preparation of voluntary movement involve separate motor and cognitive processes. Recent neurophysiological evidence challenges this dichotomy. Recordings from within the motor cortices have demonstrated that cognitive factors modulate neural activity. This issue was examined in event-related desynchronizations (ERDs) by using a goal-directed pointing paradigm. The ERD, which is typically recorded in response to self-paced finger movements, has been demonstrated to reflect specific movement parameters. Cognitive factors were introduced by manipulating probability and the relative direction of the responses in a choice reaction time task. The results demonstrated that probability influences the 20 Hz ERD.